Contents

Please Read—Important

Information xiii

About This Edition xv

Volume 1

A

Abscesses 1

Acne 4

Addiction 9

Addison's Disease 22

Aging 25

AIDS and HIV Infection 32

Albinism 44

Alcoholism 46

Allergies 54

Altitude Sickness 64

Alzheimer's Disease 68

Anemia, Bleeding, and Clotting 75

Aneurysm 91

Angina 95

Anorexia Nervosa 100

Anosmia 103

Antibiotic Resistance 107

Antisocial Personality Disorder 114

Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders: Overview 116

Appendicitis 125

Arteriosclerosis/Atherosclerosis 127

Arthritis 132

Arthritis, Infectious 140

Asthma 144

Astigmatism 154

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) 156

Autism Spectrum Disorder 163

Autoimmune Disorders: Overview 170

B

Bacterial Infections 175

Bedsores (Pressure Sores) 182

Bed-wetting (Enuresis) 183

Bell's Palsy 186

Bends 189

Bioterrorism Agents: Overview 191

Bipolar Disorder 199

Birth Defects: Overview 203

Bites and Stings 212

Bladder Cancer 223

Blindness 227

Body Art (Complications and Care) 235

Body Image 241

Body Odor 249

Botulism 252

Brain Cancer 256

Brain Injuries 262

Brain Parasites 270

Brain Tumor 279

Breast Cancer 284

Broken Bones (Fractures) 290

Bronchiolitis and Infectious Bronchitis 296

Bruises 300

Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder 305

Bullying 311

Burns 320

C

Caffeine-Related Disorders 325

Cancer: Overview 333

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning 344

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 347

Cataracts 350

Cavities 352

Celiac Disease 355

Cerebral Palsy 361

Cervical Cancer 365

Chagas Disease 370

Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease 373

Chickenpox (Varicella) 376

Child Abuse 379

Chlamydial Infections 384

Choking 387

Cholera 390

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 394

Chronic Illness 396

Chronic Obstructive

Pulmonary Disease (COPD) 399

Cirrhosis of the Liver 408

Cleft Palate 412

Clubfoot 415

Cold-Related Injuries 418

Collagen Vascular Diseases: Overview 422

Collapsed Lung (Pneumothorax) 426

Color Blindness 429

Colorectal Cancer 432

Common Cold 436

Compulsive Hoarding Disorder 440

Concussion 443

Conduct Disorder 450

Congenital Infections 454

Conjoined Twins 466

Consciousness 473

Constipation 475

Conversion Disorder 477

Corneal Abrasions 480

Coxsackievirus and Other Enteroviruses 481

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease 485

Crohn's Disease 491

Croup 496

Cushing's Syndrome 499

Cutting and Self-Harm 502

Cyclosporiasis and Cryptosporidiosis 509

Cyst 512

Cystic Fibrosis 514

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection 519

Volume 2

D

Deafness and Hearing Loss 523

Death and Dying 528

Delirium 533

Delusions, Delusional Disorders, and Paranoia 536

Dementia 542

Dengue Fever 548

Depressive Disorders: Overview 553

Dermatitis 562

Detached Retina 570

Diabetes 573

Diarrhea 581

Dietary Deficiencies 585

Diphtheria 594

Disability 597

Dissociative Identity Disorder 603

Diverticulitis/Diverticulosis 608

Down Syndrome 611

Drowning 616

Dumping Syndrome 619

Dyslexia 622

Dysrhythmia 627

E

Ear Disorders: Overview 633

Ear Infections (Otitis) 641

Eating Disorders: Overview 646

Ebola Virus Disease 651

Ectopic Pregnancy 656

Elder Abuse 659

Elephantiasis 665

Embolism 668

Emergency Resuscitation (CPR) 671

Emphysema 674

Encephalitis 678

Endocarditis, Infectious 684

Endometriosis 687

Environmental Diseases: Overview 690

Epididymitis 695

Epiglottitis 698

Epilepsy 700

Erectile Dysfunction 708

Ewing's Sarcoma 712

Eye Disorders: Overview 717

Eyelid Disorders: Overview 725

F

Factitious Disorder 731

Fainting (Syncope) 737

Familial Mediterranean Fever 740

Fanconi Anemia 743

Farsightedness 746

Fears and Phobias 748

Feeding Disorders of Infancy and Early Childhood 754

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) 760

Fetishism 763

Fever 766

Fibrocystic Breast Disorder 772

Fibromyalgia 774

Fifth Disease 776

Filariasis 779

Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders 783

Folliculitis 788

Food Insecurity 791

Food Poisoning 795

Foot Disorders: Overview 800

Fungal Infections 809

G

Galactorrhea 815

Gallbladder Disease 817

Gallstones 821

Gangrene 825

Gastroenteritis 827

Gender Dysphoria 829

Genetic Diseases: Overview 833

Genital Warts 840

GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease) 842

German Measles (Rubella) 846

Giardiasis 849

Glaucoma 851

Global Health Issues 854

Glomerulonephritis 862

Gonorrhea 865

Gout 869

Growing Pains 873

Growth and Growth Disorders 877

Guillain-Barré Syndrome 884

H

Hair and Hair Loss 889

Hallucination 894

Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease 897

Hangover 900

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome 903

Hay Fever 906

Headache 909

Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction) 915

Heart Disease: Overview 919

Heart Disease, Congenital 929

Heart Murmur 937

Heartburn (Dyspepsia) 939

Heat-Related Injuries 943

Helicobacter pylori Infection 947

Hemochromatosis 952

Hemoglobinopathies 959

Hemorrhoids 968

Hepatitis 970

Hernia, Gastrointestinal 979

Herpes Simplex Virus Infections 982

Hiccups 987

Hirsutism 989

Hives 992

Homelessness 994

Hookworm 997

Hormone-Secreting Tumors 999

Horner Syndrome 1006

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 1008

Huntington Disease 1013

Hydrocephalus 1016

Hyperlipidemias 1018

Hypertension 1024

Hypochondria 1031

Hypoglycemia 1033

Hypotension 1037

I

Immune Deficiencies 1043

Immune System and Other Body Defenses: Overview 1048

Immunoglobulin Deficiency Syndromes 1057

Impacted Teeth 1062

Impetigo 1065

Incontinence 1069

Infection 1071

Infertility 1075

Inflammatory Bowel Disease 1080

Influenza 1086

Insomnia 1095

Intellectual Disability 1099

Internet Addiction Disorder 1107

Intestinal Infections 1113

Intestinal Obstruction 1123

Intestinal Parasites 1127

Intracranial Bleeding 1135

Intussusception 1140

Irritable Bowel Syndrome 1143

Volume 3

J

Jaundice 1147

Jet Lag 1150

K

Kawasaki Disease 1153

Kidney Cancer 1156

Kidney Disease 1159

Kidney Stones 1164

Kleptomania 1167

Knee Injuries: Overview 1171

Kwashiorkor 1177

L

Laryngitis 1181

Lead Poisoning 1184

Learning Disabilities: Overview 1189

Legionnaires' Disease 1194

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Issues 1198

Leukemia 1204

Lichen Planus 1210

Liver and Biliary Tract Cancers 1213

Lou Gehrig's Disease (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) 1217

Lung Cancer 1221

Lupus 1226

Lyme Disease 1232

Lymphedema 1236

Lymphoma 1243

M

Malaria 1251

Maldigestion and Malabsorption Syndromes: Overview 1255

Male Breast Enlargement 1259

Malignant Melanoma 1264

Malnutrition 1273

Marfan Syndrome 1279

Measles (Rubeola) 1283

Memory and Amnesia 1287

Meningitis 1298

Menopause 1303

Menstruation and Menstrual Disorders 1308

Mercury Poisoning 1316

MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) 1323

Mesothelioma 1326

Metabolic Disease 1332

Metabolic Syndrome 1341

Microcephaly 1349

Mononucleosis, Infectious 1353

Motion Sickness 1356

Mouth Disorders: Overview 1359

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) 1366

Mumps 1373

Muscle Spasms and Cramps 1376

Muscular Dystrophy 1380

Mushroom Poisoning 1385

Myasthenia Gravis (MG) 1390

Mycobacterial Infections, Atypical 1394

Mycoplasma Infections 1397

Myocarditis and Pericarditis 1402

N

Narcolepsy 1407

Nearsightedness 1412

Nephrotic Syndrome 1415

Neural Tube Defects 1419

Neuroblastomas 1423

Neurofibromatosis 1428

Neurogenic Bladder 1431

Neutropenia 1436

Nocturia 1440

Nonspecific Urethritis 1444

Nosebleeds 1446

O

Obesity 1449

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 1459

Oncogenic Infections 1463

Ophthalmoplegic Syndromes 1467

Oppositional Defiant Disorder 1473

Oral Cancer 1475

Orchitis 1480

Osgood-Schlatter Disease 1482

Osteomyelitis 1485

Osteoporosis 1489

Ostomies 1495

Ovarian Cancer 1500

Ovarian Cysts 1504

Overactive Bladder 1512

P

Pain 1517

Pancreatic Cancer 1521

Pancreatitis 1524

Panic Disorder 1527

Paralysis 1531

Parasitic Diseases: Overview 1536

Parkinson's Disease 1540

Pedophilia 1545

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) 1549

Peptic Ulcer 1554

Peripheral Vascular Disease 1558

Peritonitis 1567

Personality and Personality Disorders 1569

Phenylketonuria (PKU) 1575

Phimosis 1577

Phlebitis and Venous Thrombosis 1579

Pica 1583

Pink Eye (Conjunctivitis) 1587

Plague 1590

Pleurisy 1594

Pneumoconiosis 1596

Pneumonia 1599

Poisoning 1604

Poliomyelitis 1611

Polyps 1616

Porphyria 1618

Port Wine Stain (Nevus Flammeus) 1621

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) 1623

Postpartum Depression 1629

Preeclampsia/Eclampsia 1634

Pregnancy 1637

Prematurity 1647

Priapism 1650

Prion Diseases 1653

Prostate Problems: Overview 1660

Psoriasis 1666

Psychopharmacology 1669

Psychosis 1674

Puberty and Sexual

Development 1678

R

Rabies 1687

Radiation Exposure 1691

Raynaud's Disease 1696

Regenerative Medicine 1699

Repetitive Stress Syndrome 1709

Reye's Syndrome 1712

Rheumatic Fever 1714

Rickets 1718

Rickettsial Infections 1721

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever 1726

Rosacea 1730

Roseola Infantum 1733

Roundworm Infection 1735

Volume 4

S

Salmonellosis 1741

Sarcoma 1743

Scarlet Fever 1746

Schizophrenia 1748

School Avoidance 1754

Sciatica 1757

Scleroderma 1759

Scoliosis 1762

Scrotal Swelling 1765

Scurvy 1768

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) 1771

Seizures 1774

Selective Mutism 1778

Sepsis 1781

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) 1784

Sexual Abuse 1790

Sexual Disorders 1795

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): Overview 1802

Shigellosis (Bacillary Dysentery) 1807

Shin Splints 1810

Shingles (Herpes Zoster) 1813

Shock 1816

Sickle Cell Anemia 1819

Sinusitis 1825

Situs Inversus 1829

Sjören's Syndrome 1833

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections 1836

Skin Cancer 1842

Skin Conditions: Overview 1850

Skin Parasites: Overview 1857

Sleep Disorders: Overview 1862

Slipped (Herniated) Disk 1868

Soiling (Encopresis) 1871

Somatic Symptom Disorder 1873

Sore Throat/Strep Throat 1878

Speech Disorders: Overview 1882

Spina Bifida 1889

Spinal Cord Injury 1893

Spinocerebellar Ataxia 1899

Sports Injuries: Overview 1903

Staphylococcal Infections 1909

Stomach Cancer 1915

Strains and Sprains 1919

Streptococcal Infections 1922

Stress and Stress-Related Illness 1927

Stroke 1934

Stupor and Coma 1941

Substance Abuse 1946

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) 1956

Suicide 1961

Synesthesia 1966

Syphilis 1970

T

Tapeworm 1977

Tay-Sachs Disease 1981

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Syndrome 1984

Tendinitis 1986

Tennis Elbow (Epicondylitis) 1990

Testicular Cancer 1993

Testicular Torsion 1996

Testing and Evaluation 1998

Tetanus (Lockjaw) 2007

Thalassemia 2010

Thrush 2014

Thyroid Cancer 2016

Thyroid Disease 2020

Tic Disorders: Overview 2024

Tick-Borne Illnesses: Overview 2028

Tinnitus 2034

Tobacco-Related Diseases: Overview 2036

Tonsillitis 2043

Tourette Syndrome 2046

Toxic Inhalation Injuries 2050

Toxic Shock Syndrome 2055

Toxoplasmosis 2058

Trauma 2062

Travel-Related Infections: Overview 2065

Trichinosis 2072

Trichotillomania 2074

Trypanosomiasis 2077

Tuberculosis 2081

Tularemia 2087

Tumor 2091

Turner Syndrome 2094

Typhoid Fever 2096

Typhus 2099

U

Urinary Tract Infections 2103

Uterine Cancer 2108

V

Vaccines and Immunization 2111

Valley Fever 2122

Varicose Veins 2124

Vascular Diseases: Overview 2126

Vertigo 2135

Viral Infections 2138

Vitiligo 2142

W

Warts 2145

West Nile Fever 2148

Whooping Cough (Pertussis) 2152

Wounds 2156

Y

Yeast Infection, Vaginal 2163

Yellow Fever 2166

Z

Zika Virus Infection 2170

Zoonoses: Overview 2174

Bibliography 2183

Glossary 2223

Organizations 2273

Index 2295

Disclaimer:   This information is not a tool for self-diagnosis or a substitute for professional care.

(MLA 8th Edition)