KERENSKY, ALEKSANDR FEDOROVICH (1881-1970), Russian revolutionary and politician 8 516-517
KERKORIAN, KIRK (Kerkor Kerkorian; born 1917), American financier 27 201-203
KERN, JEROME DAVID (1885-1945), American composer 8 517-518
KEROUAC, JEAN-LOUIS LEBRIS DE (Jack; 1922-1969), American writer of autobiographical fiction 8 518-519
KERR, CLARK (1911-2003), American economist, labor/management expert, and university president 8 519-521
KERREY, J. ROBERT (born 1943), Democratic senator from Nebraska and 1992 presidential candidate 8 521-522
KERRY, JOHN (born 1943), Democratic senator from Massachusetts and 2004 presidential candidate 25 238-240
KESEY, KEN ELTON (1935-2001), American author 27 203-205
KESSELRING, ALBERT (1885-1960), German field marshal 8 522-523
KESSLER, DAVID A. (born 1951), commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration 8 523-524
KETTERING, CHARLES F. (1876-1958), American engineer, industrial pioneer, and apostle of progress 8 524-525
KEUMALAHAYATI (c. 1570-c. 1630), Indonesian military officer 38 177-179
KEVORKIAN, JACK (1928-2011), American pathologist who practiced assisted suicide 19 180-182
KEY, FRANCIS SCOTT (1779-1843), American poet and attorney 8 525-527
KEY, VLADIMIR ORLANDO, JR. (1908-1963), American political scientist 8 527-528
KEYNES, JOHN MAYNARD (1st Baron Keynes of Tilton; 1883-1946), English economist 8 528-530
KGB (Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti)
Ames, Aldrich 38 5-7
KHACHATURIAN, ARAM ILICH (or Khachaturov; 1903-1978), Russian composer 8 530-531
KHALID BIN ABDUL AZIZ AL-SAUD (1912-1982), Saudi king and prime minister 23 194-196
KHALIL, SAYYID ABDULLAH (1892-1970), Sudanese general, prime minister 1956-1958 8 531-532
KHAMA, SIR SERETSE M. (1921-1980), Botswana political leader 8 532-533
KHAMENEI, AYATOLLAH SAYYID ALI (born 1939), supreme spiritual and political leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran 8 533-535
Khammurapikh
see Hammurabi
KHAN, ABDUR RAHMAN (1844-1901), Emir of Afghanistan 1880-1901 34 200-202
KHAN, ALI AKBAR (1922-2009), Indian musician 24 203-206
KHAN, A.Q. (Abdul Quadeer Khan; born 1936), Pakistani metallurgical engineer 27 205-208
KHAN, DOST MOHAMMAD (1793-1863), Afghan ruler (1826-1839; 1845-1863) and founder of Barakzai dynasty 35 219-221
KHAN, FAZLUR RAHMAN (1929-1982), Bangladeshi-born American architect 38 179-180
KHAN, NOOR INAYAT (1914-1944), British patriot 34 202-204
KHANZHONKOV, ALEKSANDR (1877-1945), Russian movie director 37 190-192
Khmelnitskii, Bogdan
see Chmielnicki, Bogdan
KHOMEINI, AYATOLLAH RUHOLLAH MUSAVI (1902-1989), founder and supreme leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran 8 535-537
KHORANA, HAR GOBIND (1922-2011), Indian organic chemist 8 537-538
KHOSROW I (died 579), Sassanid king of Persia 531-576 8 538-539
Khosru
see Khosrow I
KHRUSHCHEV, NIKITA SERGEEVICH (1894-1971), Soviet political leader 8 539-540
KHUFU (ruled 2590-2568 BCE), Egyptian king 8 540-541
Khurram
see Shah Jahan
Khusrau
see Khosrow I
KHUTULUN (1260-1306), Mongolian princess 37 192-194
KHWARIZMI, MUHAMMAD IBN MUSA AL- (died c. 850), Arab mathematician, astronomer, and geographer 8 541
KIBAKI, MWAI (born 1931), Kenyan presidnet 25 240-242
Kibo-no Mabi
see Makibi, Kibi-no
KIDD, WILLIAM (c. 1645-1701), Scottish pirate 21 242-244
KIDDER, ALFRED VINCENT (1885-1963), American archeologist 8 541-542
KIDMAN, SIDNEY (1857-1935), “The Cattle King” of Australia 8 542-544
KIEFER, ADOLPH (1918-2017), American swimmer 38 180-182
KIEFER, ANSELM (born 1945), German artist 8 544-546
KIENHOLZ, EDWARD (1927-1994), American Pop artist 8 546-547
KIERKEGAARD, SØREN AABYE (1813-1855), Danish philosopher 8 547-549
KIESLOWSKI, KRZYSZTOF (1941-1946), Polish film director 25 242-244
KILBY, JACK ST. CLAIR (1923-2005), American electrical engineer and inventor 25 244-246
KILPATRICK, WILLIAM H. (1871-1965), American educator, college president, and philosopher of education 9 1-3
KIM DAE-JUNG (1925-2009), worked for the restoration of democracy and human rights in South Korea after 1971 9 3-4
KIM IL-SUNG (1912-1994), North Korean political leader 9 4-6
KIM JONG IL (1941-2011), leader of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea 9 6-7
KIM OK-KYUN (1851-1894), Korean politician 9 7-8
KIM PUSIK (1075-1151), Korean statesman, historian, and general 9 8-9
Kim Song-ju
see Kim Il-sung
KIM YOUNG SAM (born 1927), South Korean statesman 9 9-10
KINCAID, JAMAICA (Elaine Potter Richardson; born 1949), African American author 23 196-199
KINDI, ABU-YUSUF YAQUB IBN-ISHAQ AL- (died 873), Arab philosopher 9 10-11
KING, B. B. (born Riley B. King; born 1925), African American blues musician, singer, and songwriter 9 11-14
KING, BILLIE JEAN (born 1943), international tennis star 9 14-15
KING, CAROLE (born 1942), American singer and songwriter 32 180-182
KING, CLARENCE (1842-1901), American geologist and mining engineer 9 15-16
KING, CORETTA SCOTT (1927-2005), American advocate of civil rights, nonviolence, international peace, full employment, and equal rights for women 9 16-17
KING, ERNEST JOSEPH (1878-1956), American admiral 9 17-18
KING, FREDERIC TRUBY (1858-1938), New Zealand doctor and founder of the Plunket Society 9 18-19
KING, LARRY (born 1933), American journalist 34 204-206
KING, LOUISA BOYD YEOMANS (1863-1948), American horticulturist 37 194-196
KING, MARTIN LUTHER, JR. (1929-1968), African American minister and civil rights leader 9 20-22
KING, MARY-CLAIRE (born 1946), American geneticist 19 182-183
KING, RUFUS (1755-1827), American statesman and diplomat 9 22-23
KING, STEPHEN (a.k.a. Richard Bachman and John Swithen; born 1947), American horror novelist 9 23-25
KING, WILLIAM LYON MACKENZIE (1874-1950), Canadian statesman 9 25-26
King and I, The (musical)
Brynner, Yul 38 42-44
King Curtis
see Ousley, Curtis
King of Bourges
see Charles VII (king of France)
KINGMAN, DONG (Dong Moy She Kingman; 1911-2000), Chinese American artist 27 208-209
Kings Mountain, Battle of (1780)
Ferguson, Patrick 38 95-97
KINGSFORD SMITH, SIR CHARLES (“Smithy”; 1897-1935), Australian longdistance aviator 9 26-28
KINGSLEY, CHARLES (1819-1875), English author and Anglican clergyman 9 28
KINGSLEY, HENRY (1830-1867), British author 22 278-280
KINGSLEY, MARY (1862-1900), English explorer and author 20 201-204
KINGSTON, MAXINE HONG (Maxine Ting Ting Hong; born 1940), Asian- American feminist author 18 231-232
KINNOCK, NEIL (born 1942), British Labour Party politician 9 29-30
KINO, EUSEBIO FRANCISCO (1645-1711), Spanish missionary, explorer, and cartographer 9 30-31
KINOSHITA, KEISUKE (1912-1998), Japanese screenwriter and film director/producer 24 206-208
KINSELLA, THOMAS (born 1928), Irish poet 35 221-222
KINSEY, ALFRED C. (1894-1956), American zoologist 9 31-32
KINSKI, KLAUS (1926-1991), German actor 38 182-184
KINUGASA, TEINOSUKE (Teinosuke Kogame; 1896-1982), Japanese screenwriter and film director 24 208-209
KIPLING, JOSEPH RUDYARD (1865-1936), British poet and short-story writer 9 32-33
KIPNIS, ALEXANDER (1891-1978), Ukrainian American musician 24 209-211
KIRBY, JACK (1917-1994), American comics artist 30 240-242
KIRCH, MARIA WINCKELMANN (1670-1720), German astronomer 20 204-205
KIRCHER, ATHANASIUS (c. 1601-1680), German polymath 27 209-211
KIRCHHOFF, GUSTAV ROBERT (1824-1887), German physicist 9 33-34
KIRCHNER, ERNST LUDWIG (1880-1938), German expressionist painter 9 34-35
KIRCHNER, NÉSTOR (1950-2010), Argentine president 2003-2007 34 206-208
KIRKLAND, JOSEPH LANE (1922-1999), American labor union movement leader 9 35-37
KIRKLAND, SAMUEL (1741-1808), American Congregationalist missionary 9 37
KIRKPATRICK, JEANE J. (1926-2006), professor and first woman U.S. ambassador to the United Nations 9 37-39
KIROV, SERGEI (1886-1934), Bolshevik leader 34 208-211
KIRSTEIN, LINCOLN (1906-1996), a founder and director of the New York City Ballet 9 39-41
KISHI, NOBUSUKE (1896-1987), Japanese politician 9 41-43
KISSINGER, HENRY ALFRED (born 1923), U.S. secretary of state and co-winner of the Nobel Peace prize 9 43-45
Kitaro (comic character)
Mizuki, Shigeru 38 241-243
KITASATO, SHIBASABURA (1852-1931), Japanese bacteriologist 29 230-232
KITCHENER, HORATIO HERBERT (1850-1916), British field marshal and statesman 9 45-46
KITT, EARTHA (Eartha Mae Kitt-Fields; 1927-2008), African American actress and singer 26 194-197
Kiuprili, Ahmed
see Köprülü, Ahmed
KIVI, ALEKSIS (Aleksis Stenvall; 1834-1872), Finnish author 25 246-247
KIWANUKA, BENEDICTO KAGIMA MUGUMBA (1922-1972), Ugandan politician 9 46-47
KLEE, PAUL (1879-1940), Swiss painter and graphic artist 9 47-49
KLEIN, A. M. (1909-1972), Canadian journalist, lawyer, novelist, and poet 9 49-50
KLEIN, CALVIN (born 1942), American fashion designer 9 50-52
KLEIN, MELANIE (1882-1960), Austrian psychotherapist 9 52
KLEIST, HEINRICH VON (1777-1811), German author 9 52-53
KLEMPERER, KLEMENS VON (1916-2012), German historian 34 211-213
KLEMPERER, OTTO (1885-1973), German conductor 20 205-207
KLIMA, VIKTOR (born 1947), Austrian chancellor 18 232-234
KLIMT, GUSTAV (1862-1918), controversial Austrian painter 9 53-55
KLINE, FRANZ (1910-1962), American painter 9 55
KLITZING, KLAUS VON (born 1943), German physicist 27 212-214
KLOPSTOCK, FRIEDRICH GOTTLIEB (1724-1803), German poet 9 55-56
KLUCKHOHN, CLYDE (1905-1960), American anthropologist 9 56-57
KLYUCHEVSKY, VASILY OSIPOVICH (1841-1911), Russian historian 9 57-58
Kmart (store)
Kresge, S.S. 38 190-192
KNAPP, SEAMAN ASAHEL (1833-1911), American educator and agricultural pioneer 9 58
Knickerbocker, Diedrich
see Irving, Washington
KNIEVEL, EVEL (1938-2007), American daredevil 33 177-179
KNIGHT, CHARLES R. (1874-1953), American illustrator and artist 30 242-244
KNIGHT, FRANK HYNEMAN (1885-1972), American economist 9 58-59
KNIGHT, MARGARET (1838-1914), American inventor 35 222-224
KNIGHT, PHIL (born 1938), American businessman 19 183-186
KNIPLING, EDWARD FRED (1909-2000), American entomologist 9 59-60
KNIPPER, OLGA (1868-1959), Russian actress 31 191-193
KNOPF, ALFRED A. (1892-1984), American publisher 9 60-61
KNOPF, BLANCHE WOLF (1894-1966), American publisher 9 61-62
KNOWLES, MALCOLM SHEPHERD (1913-1997), American adult education theorist and planner 9 62-64
KNOX, HENRY (1750-1806), American Revolutionary War general 9 64
KNOX, JOHN (c. 1505-1572), Scottish religious reformer 9 65-66
KNOX, PHILANDER CHASE (1853-1921), American statesman 9 66-67
KNUDSEN, WILLIAM S. (1879-1948), American auto industry leader 9 67-68
KOBAYASHI, MASAKI (1916-1996), Japanese film director 23 199-201
KOBAYASHI ISSA (1763-1828), Japanese poet 34 185-186
KOBER, ALICE (1906-1950), American linguist and scholar 34 213-214
Kobo Daishi
see Kukai
KOCH, EDWARD I. (1924-2013), New York City mayor 9 68-69
KOCH, MARITA (Marita Meier-Koch; born 1957), German athlete 26 197-199
KOCH, ROBERT HEINRICH HERMANN (1843-1910), German physician and bacteriologist 9 69-70
KOCHIYAMA, YURI (1921-2014), Japanese-American activist 37 196-198
KODÁLY, ZOLTÁN (1882-1967), Hungarian composer 33 179-181
KOENIGSWARTER, PANNONICA DE (Kathleen Annie Pannonica de Koenigswarter; 1913-1988), Englishborn baroness and arts patron 38 184-186
KOEPPE, LEONHARD (1884-1969), German ophthalmologist 30 244-245
KOESTLER, ARTHUR (1905-1983), author of political novels 9 71-73
KOGAWA, JOY NOZOMI (née Na Kayama; born 1935), Japanese Canadian author and activist 25 247-250
KOHL, HELMUT (born 1930), chancellor of West Germany (1982-1990) and first chancellor of a united Germany since World War II 9 73-74
KOHN, WALTER (born 1923), German- American physicist 27 214-216
KOIRALA, ANURADHA (born 1949), Nepalese activist 37 198-201
KOIZUMI, JUNICHIRO (born 1942), Japanese prime minister 25 250-252
Koizumi, Yakumo
see Hearn, Lafcadio
KOJONG (1852-1919), Korean king 9 74-75
KOKOSCHKA, OSKAR (1886-1980), Austrian painter, graphic artist, and author 9 75-76
KOLAKOWSKI, LESZEK (1927-2009), philosopher who wrote on broad themes of ethics, metaphysics, and religion 9 76-77
KOLÁŘ, JIRí (1914-2002), Czech artist and writer 35 224-227
KOLCHAK, ALEKSANDR VASILIEVICH (1873-1920), Russian admiral 9 77-78
KÖLLIKER, ALBERT VON (1817-1905), Swiss physician and histologist 38 186-188
KOLLONTAI, ALEKSANDRA MIKHAILOVNA (1872-1952), Soviet diplomat 9 79
KOLLWITZ, KÄTHE (1867-1945), German expressionist graphic artist and sculptor 9 79-81
KOLMOGOROV, ANDREI (1903-1987), Russian mathematician and educator 32 184-186
KOMITAS (1869-1935), Armenian composer 31 194-195
Komunistická strana Československa (KSCˇ)
see Communist party–Czechoslovakia
KONEV, IVAN STEFANOVICH (1897-1973), Soviet marshal 9 81-82
KONG, LESLIE (1933-1971), Chinese- Jamaican reggae producer 35 227-228
KONOE, PRINCE FUMIMARO (or Konoye; 1891-1945), Japanese premier 1937-1939 and 1940-1941 9 82-83
KOO, WELLINGTON (1888-1985), Chinese statesman and diplomat 29 232-234
Kook, Abraham Isaac
see Kuk, Abraham Isaac
KOOLHAAS, REM (born 1944), Dutch architect and urbanist 34 214-217
KOONS, JEFF (born 1955), American artist 9 83-84
KOOP, C. EVERETT (1916-2013), American surgeon general 18 235-237
KOPPEL, TED (born 1940), American television journalist 33 181-183
KÖPRÜLÜ, AHMED (Köprülüzade Fazil Ahmed Pasha; 1635-1676), Turkish statesman and general 9 84-85
KORBUT, OLGA (born 1955), Belarusian gymnast 24 211-213
KORCZAK, JANUSZ (1878-1942), Polish author and physician 34 217-219
KOREMATSU, FRED (1919-2005), American political activist 29 234-236
KORNBERG, ARTHUR (1918-2007), American biochemist 9 85-87
KORNILOV, LAVR GEORGIEVICH (1870-1918), Russian general 9 87-88
KOROMA, ERNEST BAI (born 1953), Sierra Leonean president 2007- 36 233-235
Kosan
see Yun Sondo
KOSCIUSZKO, TADEUSZ ANDRZEJ BONAWENTURA (1746-1817), Polish patriot, hero in the American Revolution 9 88
KOSINSKI, JERZY (Jerzy Nikodem Lewinkopf; 1933-1991), Polish- American author 26 199-201
KOSSUTH, LOUIS (1802-1894), Hungarian statesman 9 88-90
Kostrowitsky, Wilhelm Apollinaris de
see Apollinaire, Guillaume
KOSYGIN, ALEKSEI NIKOLAEVICH (1904-1980), chairman of the U.S.S.R. Council of Ministers and head of the Soviet government (1964-1980) 9 90-91
KOTTANNER, HELENE (c. 1400-c. 1470), Austrian-Hungarian memoirist and courtier 38 188-190
KOTZEBUE, OTTO VON (1787-1846), Russian explorer 9 91-92
KOUFAX, SANDY (Sanford Braun; born 1945), American baseball player 20 208-210
KOUSSEVITZKY, SERGE (Sergey Aleksandrovich Kusevitsky;1874-1951), Russian-born American conductor 24 213-215
KOVACS, ERNIE (1919-1962), American comedian 19 186-188
KOVALEVSKY, SOPHIA VASILEVNA (Sonya Kovalevsky; 1850-1891), Russian mathematician 22 280-282
Kovtun, Dmitry, (born 1965), Russian businessperson
Litvinenko, Alexander 38 214-216
KOZYREV, ANDREI VLADIMIROVICH (born 1951), Russian minister of foreign affairs and a liberal, pro-Western figure in Boris Yeltsin's cabinet 9 92-93
KPD
see Communist party, German
KRAMER, LARRY (born 1935), American AIDS activist and author 20 210-212
KRAMER, STANLEY (1913-2001), American filmmaker 32 186-189
KRASNER, LEE (Lenore; 1908-1984), American painter and collage artist 9 93-94
KRAUS, KARL (1874-1936), Austrian writer 34 219-221
KRAVCHUK, LEONID MAKAROVYCH (born 1934), president of the Ukraine (1991-1994) 9 94-95
KREBS, SIR HANS ADOLF (1900-1981), German British biochemist 9 95-97
KREISKY, BRUNO (1911-1983), chancellor of Austria (1970-1983) 9 97-98
KREISLER, FRITZ (Friedrich Kreisler; 1875-1962), Austrian violinist 26 201-203
KREISLER, GEORG (1922-2011), Austrian composer, singer, pianist, and writer 37 201-203
Kremer, Gerhard
see Mercator, Gerhardus
KRENEK, ERNST (1900-1991), Austrian composer 9 98-99
KREPS, JUANITA MORRIS (1921-2010), economist, university professor, United States secretary of commerce (1977-1979), and author 9 99-101
KRESGE, S.S. (Sebastian Spering Kresge, Jr.; 1867-1966), American business executive 38 190-192
KRIEGHOFF, CORNELIUS (1815-1872), Dutch-born Canadian painter 9 101
KRISHNAMURTI, JIDDU (1895-1986), Indian mystic and philosopher 9 101-103
KRISHNAMURTI, UPPALURI GOPALA (1918-2007), Indian philosopher and author 28 201-203
KRLEZA, MIROSLAV (1893-1981), Croatian author and poet 24 215-217
KROC, RAYMOND ALBERT (1902-1984), creator of theMcDonald's chain 9 103-104
KROCHMAL, NACHMAN KOHEN (1785-1840), Austrian Jewish historian 9 104-105
KROEBER, ALFRED LOUIS (1876-1960), American anthropologist 9 105-106
KROGH, SCHACK AUGUST STEENBERG (1874-1949), Danish physiologist 9 106
KRONE, JULIE (Julieanne Louise Krone; born 1963), American jockey 24 217-220
KROPOTKIN, PETER ALEKSEEVICH (1842-1921), Russian prince, scientist, and anarchist 9 107-108
KROTO, HAROLD WALTER (Harold Walter Krotoschiner; born 1939), British Chemist 27 216-218
KRUGER, STEPHANUS JOHANNES PAULUS (“Paul”; 1825-1904), South African statesman 9 108-109
KRUPA, GENE (Eugene Bertram Krupa; 1909-1973), American bandleader and drummer 38 192-194
KRUPP FAMILY (19th-20th century), German industrialists 9 109-111
KU CHIEH-KANG (1893-1980), Chinese historian 9 120-121
KU K'AI-CHIH (c. 345-c. 406), Chinese painter 9 125-126
KUANG-HSÜ (1871-1908), emperor of China 1875-1908 9 111-112
KUANG-WU-TI (6 BCE - 57 A.D.), Chinese emperor ca. 25-57 9 112-113
KUBITSCHEK DE OLIVEIRA, JUSCELINO (1902-1976), president of Brazil 1956-1961 9 113-115
KUBLAI KHAN (1215-1294), Mongol emperor 9 115-118
KÜBLER-ROSS, ELISABETH (1926-2004), Swiss-born American psychiatrist 9 118-120
KUBRICK, STANLEY (1928-1999), American filmmaker 18 237-239
KUCAN, MILAN (born 1941), President of the Republic of Slovenia 18 239-242
KUERTI, ANTON (born 1938), Austrian- Canadian pianist 35 228-230
KUFUOR, JOHN AGYEKUM (born 1938), president of Ghana 27 218-220
KUHN, BOWIE (1926-2007), American baseball commissioner 33 183-185
KUHN, MAGGIE (1905-1995), American activist and founder of the Gray Panthers 19 188-190
KUHN, THOMAS SAMUEL (1922-1996), American historian and philosopher of science 9 121-123
KUK, ABRAHAM ISAAC (1865-1935), Russian-born Jewish scholar 9 123-124
KUKAI (774-835), Japanese Buddhist monk 9 124-125
KUKRIT PRAMOJ, MOMRAJAWONG (M.R.; 1911-1995), literary figure and prime minister of Thailand (1975-1976) 9 126-127
KULTHUM, UMM (Ibrahim Umm Kalthum; 1904-1975), Egyptian musician 24 220-222
Kumara Siladitya
see Harsha
KUMARAJIVA (c. 344-c. 409), Indian Buddhist monk 9 127
KUMARATUNGA, CHANDRIKA (Chandrika Bandaranaike; born 1945), Sri Lankan politician 25 252-254
KUMIN, MAXINE WINOKUR (born 1925), American poet and author 26 203-206
KUN, BÉLA (1885-1937), Hungarian revolutionary 34 221-223
Kunani
see Suleiman I
KUNDERA, MILAN (born 1929), Czechborn author 9 128-129
KÜNG, HANS (born 1928), Swiss-born Roman Catholic theologian 9 129-130
Kung-sun Yang
see Shang Yang
KUNIN, MADELEINE MAY (born 1933), first woman governor of Vermont 9 130-131
KUNITZ, STANLEY JASSPON (1905-2006), American poet laureate 22 282-284
KUNSTLER, WILLIAM M. (1919-1995), American civil rights attorney and author 9 131-133
KUO MO-JO (1892-1978), Chinese author 9 133-134
KUPKA, FRANTISEK (Frank; 1871-1957), Czech painter and illustrator 9 134-135
Kupper, C.E.M.
see Doesburg, Theo van
Kuprili, Ahmed
see Köprülü, Ahmed
KURAS, ELLEN (born 1959), American cinematographer and director 32 189-191
KURON, JACEK (Jacek Jan Kuron; 1934-2004), Polish trade union advisor and politician 28 203-206
KUROSAWA, AKIRA (1910-1998), Japanese film director 9 135-137
KURTZMAN, HARVEY (1924-1993), American cartoonist 32 191-193
Kurtzman, Jacob
see Kirby, Jack
KURZWEIL, RAY (born 1948), American inventor 30 246-248
KUSHNER, TONY (born 1956), American playwright 33 185-187
KUTUZOV, MIKHAIL ILARIONOVICH (1745-1813), Russian field marshal 9 137-138
KUZNETS, SIMON (1901-1985), American economist, researcher, and author 9 138-139
Kuznetsov
see Litvinov, Maxim Maximovich
KWANGGAET'O (375-413), Korean statesman, king of Koguryo 9 139-140
KWANGJONG (925-975), Korean statesman, king of Koryo 9 140
KWASNIEWSKI, ALEKSANDER (born 1954), Polish politician 27 220-222
KWOLEK, STEPHANIE (1923-2014), American chemist 31 196-198
KY, NGUYEN CAO (1923-2011), South Vietnamese statesman 33 187-189
KYD, THOMAS (1558-1594), English dramatist 9 140-141
KYDONES, DEMETRIUS (c. 1324-1397), Byzantine theologian and statesman 34 67-68
KYPRIANOU, SPYROS (1932-2002), president of the Republic of Cyprus 9 141-143
LA BRUYÈRE, JEAN DE (1645-1696), French man of letters and moralist 9 145
LA FARGE, JOHN (1835-1910), American artist and writer 9 149-150
LA FAYETTE, COMTESSE DE (Marie Madeleine Pioche de la Vergne; 1634-93), French novelist 9 150-151
LA FLESCHE, FRANCIS (1857-1932), Native American ethnologist 9 152-154
LA FLESCHE, SUSETTE (1854-1903), Native American activist and reformer 9 152-154
LA FLESCHE PICOTTE, SUSAN (1865-1915), Native American physician and activist 24 223-225
LA FOLLETTE, ROBERT MARION (1855-1925), American statesman 9 155-156
LA FONTAINE, JEAN DE (1621-1695), French poet 9 156-157
LA GUARDIA, FIORELLO HENRY (1882-1947), American politician, New York City mayor 9 166-167
LA METTRIE, JULIEN OFFRAY DE (1709-1751), French physician and philosopher 9 179-180
La Pasionaria
see Ibárruri Gomez, Dolores
LA ROCHEFOUCAULD, FRANÇOIS, DUC DE (1613-1680), French moralist 9 208-209
LA SALLE, SIEUR DE (René Robert Cavelier; 1643-1687), French explorer and colonizer 9 210-211
LA TOUR, GEORGE DE (1593-1652), French painter 9 222
LA VERENDRYE, SIEUR DE (Pierre Gaultier de Varennes; 1685-1749), French- Canadian soldier, explorer, and fur trader 9 239-240
La Vergne, Marie Madeleine Pioche de
see La Fayette, Comtesse de
LABADIE, JEAN DE (1610-1674), French religious leader 34 224-226
LABATT, JOHN KINDER (c. 1803-1866), Irish-Canadian brewer 34 226-228
Labour Party (England)
Mosley, Oswald 38 250-252
Labriolle
see Velasco Ibarra, José María
LABROUSTE, PIERRE FRANÇOIS HENRI (1801-1875), French architect-engineer 9 144
Labrunie, Gérard
see Nerval, Gérard de
LACAN, JACQUES (1901-1981), French psychoanalyst 9 145-147
LACHAISE, GASTON (1882-1935), French-born American sculptor 9 147
LACHAPELLE, MARIE (1769-1821), French obstetrician and teacher 21 245-247
Lackland, John
see John (king of England)
LACKS, HENRIETTA (1920-1951), American cell donor 31 199-200
LACOMBE, ALBERT (1827-1916), Canadian missionary priest 9 147-148
LACORDAIRE, JEAN BAPTISTE HENRI (1802-1861), French Dominican preacher 9 148
LACOSTE, RENÉ (1904-1996), French tennis player 37 204-206
LACY, SAM (Samuel Harold Lacy; 1903-2003), African American journalist 26 207-209
LADD, ALAN (1913-1964), American actor 38 195-197
LADD, WILLIAM (1778-1841), American pacifist 9 149
LADD-FRANKLIN, CHRISTINE (1847-1930), American logician and psychologist 23 202-204
Ladislas V, (Ladislas Posthumus; 1440-1457), king of Hungary 1446-1452 and of Bohemia 1452-1457
Kottanner, Helene 38 188-190
LAEMMLE, CARL, SR. (1867-1943), American film producer 30 249-251
LAENNEC, RENÉ (René-Théophile- Hyacinthe Laënnec; 1781-1826), French physician and inventor 21 247-249
LAFAYETTE, MARQUIS DE (Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier; 1757-1834), French general and statesman 9 151-152
LAFLEUR, GUY (born 1951), Canadian hockey player 34 228-230
LAFONTAINE, SIR LOUIS-HIPPOLYTE (1807-1864), Canadian politician 9 157-158
LAFONTAINE, OSKAR (born 1943), German politician 9 158-160
LAFORGUE, JULES (1860-1887), French poet 9 160-161
LAGERFELD, KARL (born 1938), German- French designer of high fashion 9 161-162
LAGERKVIST, PÄR FABIAN (1891-1974), Swedish author 9 162-163
LAGERLÖ F, SELMA OTTILIANA LOVISA (1858-1940), Swedish author 9 163-164
Lagery, Otto de
see Urban II
LAGOS, RICARDO (born 1938), president of Chile 27 223-225
LAGRANGE, JOSEPH LOUIS (1736-1813), Italian-born French mathematician 9 164-166
LAHR, BERT (Irving Lahrheim; 1895-1967), performer and comedian in burlesque, vaudeville, musical comedy, film, and television 9 167-168
LAING, R. D. (1927-1989), Scottish psychiatrist and author 26 209-211
LAIRD, MELVIN R. (born 1922), U.S. congressman and secretary of defense 9 168-170
Lake, Veronica, (1922-1973), American actor
Ladd, Alan 38 195-197
LAKSHMIBAI (Laksmi Bai; Rani of Jhansi; c.1835-1857), Indian queen and national hero 22 41-42
LALIBELA (ruled c. 1181-c. 1221), Ethiopian king and saint 9 170
LALIQUE, RENÉ (1860-1945), French glass and jewelry designer 26 211-213
LAMAR, LUCIUS QUINTUS CINCINNATUS (1825-1893), American politician and jurist 9 170-171
LAMARCK, CHEVALIER DE (Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet; 1744-1829), French naturalist 9 171-173
LAMARQUE, LIBERTAD (Libertad Lamarque Bouza; 1908-2000), Argentine entertainer 26 213-215
LAMARR, HEDY (Hedwig Eva Marie Kiesler; 1913-2000), American actress and inventor 27 225-227
LAMARTINE, ALPHONSE MARIE LOUIS DE (1790-1869), French poet and diplomat 9 173-175
LAMAS, CARLOS SAAVEDRA (1878-1959), Argentine scholar, statesman, and diplomat 9 175-176
LAMB, CHARLES (1775-1834), English author, critic, and minor poet 9 176-177
LAMB, MARY (1764-1847), English author 29 237-239
Lamb, William
see Melbourne, 2nd Viscount
LAMBORGHINI, FERRUCCIO (1916-1993), Italian manufacturing executive 34 230-232
LAMBSDORFF, OTTO GRAF (1926-2009), West German minister of economics 9 177-179
Lambton, John George
see Durham, 1st Earl of
Lame-duck Amendment
see Constitution of the United States–20th Amendment
LAMENNAIS, HUGUES FÉLICITÉ ROBERT DE (1782-1854), French priest and political writer 9 179
Lamo Dondup
see Dalai Lama
LAMOTT, ANNE (born 1954), American writer 32 196-198
L'AMOUR, LOUIS (Louis Dearborn LaMoore; 1908-1988), American author of westerns 20 213-215
LAMPMAN, ARCHIBALD (1861-1899), Canadian poet 9 180-181
LAMPRECHT, KARL (1856-1915), German historian 9 181
LAMY, JEAN BAPTISTE (1814-1888), French archbishop in the United States 9 181-182
Lancaster, 5th Duke of
see John of Gaunt
LANCASTER, BURT (Burton Stephen Lancaster; 1913-1994), American actor 20 215-218
LANCASTER, JOSEPH (1778-1838), English educator 9 182-183
LAND, EDWIN HERBERT (1909-1991), American physicist, inventor, and manufacturer 9 183-184
LANDAU, LEV DAVIDOVICH (1908-1968), Soviet theoretical physicist 9 184-185
Landers, Ann
see Lederer, Esther Pauline
LANDINI, FRANCESCO (c. 1335-1397), Italian composer and poet 9 185-186
LANDIS, KENESAW MOUNTAIN (1866-1944), American baseball commissioner 22 285-287
LANDON, ALFRED MOSSMAN (1887-1987), American politician 22 287-289
LANDOR, WALTER SAVAGE (1775-1864), English poet, essayist and critic 9 186-187
LANDOWSKA, WANDA (1879-1959), Polish American harpsichordist and pianist 26 215-218
LANDOWSKI, MARCEL (1915-1999), French composer of lyric works 9 187-188
LANDRY, TOM (Thomas Wade Landry; 1924-2000), American football coach 22 290-292
LANDSTEINER, KARL (1868-1943), Austrian-born American immunologist 9 188-189
Lane, Carrie
see Catt, Carrie Chapman
LANE, DICK (Richard Lane; Dick “Night Train” Lane; 1928-2002), American football player 27 227-229
LANE, FITZ HUGH (1804-1865), American marine painter 9 189
LANFRANC (c. 1010-1089), Italian theologian, archbishop of Canterbury 9 189-190
LANG, FRITZ (1890-1976), German film director 9 190-192
LANG, JOHN THOMAS (1876-1975), Australian politician 9 192-193
LANGDELL, CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS (1826-1906), American lawyer 23 204-206
LANGE, DOROTHEA (1895-1965), American photographer 9 193-194
LANGER, SUSANNE (nee Susanne Katherina Knauth; 1895-1985), American philosopher 26 218-220
LANGLAND, WILLIAM (c. 1330-1400), English poet 9 194-195
LANGLEY, SAMUEL PIERPONT (1834-1906), American scientist 9 195-196
LANGLOIS, HENRI (1914-1977), French film preservationist 33 190-192
LANGMUIR, IRVING (1881-1957), American chemist 9 196-197
LANGSTON, JOHN MERCER (1829-1897), American educator and diplomat 9 197
LANGTON, STEPHEN (c. 1155-1228), English prelate and signer of the Magna Carta 21 249-251
Language (human communications)
Victor of Aveyron 38 349-351
LANIER, JARON (born c. 1961), American computer engineer 9 198-199
LANIER, SIDNEY (1842-1881), American poet, critic, and musician 9 199-200
LANSING, ROBERT (1864-1928), American lawyer and statesman 9 200
LANSKY, MEYER (1902-1983), American gangster 36 236-238
Lao Lai Tzu
see Lao Tzu
LAO SHÊ (1899-1966), Chinese novelist 9 200-201
LAO TZU (flourished 6th century BCE), Chinese philosopher 9 201-202
LAPLACE, MARQUIS DE (Pierre Simon; 1749-1827), French mathematician 9 202-204
Larco, Isabel Granda
see Granda, Chabuca
LARDNER, RINGGOLD WILMER (1885-1933), American author 9 204-205
LAREDO, RUTH (nee Ruth Meckler; 1937-2005), American pianist 26 220-222
LARIONOV, MIKHAIL (1881-1964), Russian artist 9 205-206
LARKIN, PHILIP (1922-1986), English poet 9 206-207
LARKIN, THOMAS OLIVER (1802-1858), American merchant and diplomat 9 208
LAROUCHE, LYNDON (Lyndon Hermyle LaRouche, Jr.; born 1922), American political activist 38 197-200
LARROCHA, ALICIA DE (Alicia de Larrocha y de la Calle; 1923-2009), Spanish painist 27 230-231
LARSEN, NELLA (1893-1963), Harlem Renaissance writer 9 209-210
LARSON, JONATHAN (1961-1996), American playwright, composer, and lyricist 18 243-145
LARSSON, STIEG (1954-2004), Swedish author 30 251-253
LAS CASAS, BARTOLOMÉ DE (1474-1566), Spanish Dominican missionary and historian 35 231-233
Lasal, Ferdinand
see Lassalle, Ferdinand
LASANSKY, MAURICIO (1914-2012), Argentine-American artist 34 232-233
LASCH, CHRISTOPHER (1932-1994), American historian and social critic 9 212-214
LASHLEY, KARL SPENCER (1890-1958), American neuropsychologist 9 214-215
LASKER, ALBERT (1880-1952), American advertising executive 21 251-254
LASKER, EMANUEL (1868-1941), German chess grandmaster 20 218-220
LASKI, HAROLD J. (1893-1950), English political scientist and Labour party leader 9 215-216
LASKY, JESSE (1880-1958), American film producer 21 254-256
LASSALLE, FERDINAND (1825-1864), German socialist leader 9 216
Lasso, Orlando di
see Lassus, Roland de
LASSUS, ROLAND DE (1532-1594), Franco-Flemish composer 9 216-218
LASSWELL, HAROLD DWIGHT (1902-1978), American political scientist 9 218-219
LÁSZLÓ I, KING OF HUNGARY (c. 1040-1095), king of Hungary and saint 9 219-221
LATIMER, ALLIE B. (born 1929), American lawyer and civil rights activist 32 199-201
LATIMER, HUGH (c. 1492-1555), English Protestant bishop, reformer, and martyr 9 221
LATIMER, LEWIS (1848-1928), American inventorandelectrical engineer 19 191-193
Latin America
anthropological expeditions
Mantegazza, Paolo 38 230-233
LATROBE, BENJAMIN HENRY (1764-1820), English-born American architect 9 222-224
LATYNINA, LARISA (Larissa Semyonovna Latynina; born 1934), Russian gymnast 26 222-224
LAUD, WILLIAM (1573-1645), English archbishop of Canterbury 9 224-225
LAUDA, NIKI (born 1949), Austrian race car driver 34 233-236
LAUDER, ESTEE (née Josephine Esthe Menzer; c. 1908-2004), founder of international cosmetics empire 9 225-226
Laue, Max von
see von Laue, Max
Lauenburg, Duke of
see Bismarck, Otto Edward Leopold von
LAUGHLIN, TOM (Thomas Robert Laughlin, Jr.; 1931-2013), American movie director and actor 37 206-209
LAUREL, SALVADOR H. (Doy; 1928-2004), member of the Philippine Congress and vice-president 9 226-227
LAUREN, RALPH (Ralph Lipschitz; born 1939), American fashion designer 9 228-229
LAURENCE, MARGARET (Jean Margaret Wemyss; 1926-1987), Canadian writer 9 229-230
LAURENS, HENRI (1885-1954), French sculptor 9 230-231
LAURENS, HENRY (1724-1792), American merchant and Revolutionary statesman 9 232
LAURIER, SIR WILFRID (1841-1919), Canadian statesman, prime minister 1896-1911 9 232-234
LAURO, ACHILLE (1887-1984), Italian business and political leader 9 234-235
LAUTARO (c. 1535-1557), Araucanian Indian chieftain in Chile 9 235
LAUTERBUR, PAUL C. (1929-2007), American scientist 34 236-238
Lavado, Joaquín Salvador
see Quino
LAVAL, FRANCOIS XAVIER DE (1623-1708), French bishop in Canada 9 235-236
LAVAL, PIERRE (1883-1945), French politician, chief Vichy minister 9 237-238
LAVALLEJA, JUAN ANTONIO (1778-1853), Uruguayan independence leader 9 238-239
LAVER, ROD (Rodney George Laver; born 1938), Australian tennis player 25 257-259
LAVERAN, ALPHONSE (Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran; 1845-1922), French medical researcher 28 207-209
LAVEY, ANTON SZANDOR (1930-1997), American satanist leader 31 201-203
LAVIERA, TATO (1950-2013), Puerto Rican poet 35 233-235
LAVIGERIE, CHARLES MARTEL ALLEMAND (1825-1892), French cardinal 9 240
LAVISSE, ERNEST (1842-1922), French historian 9 241
LAVOISIER, ANTOINE LAURENT (1743-1794), French chemist 9 241-244
LAVOISIER, MARIE PAULZE (1758-1836), French chemist 22 292-294
LAW, JOHN (1671-1729), Scottish monetary theorist and banker 9 244-245
LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761), English devotional writer 9 245-246
Law enforcement
Anslinger, Harry J. 38 7-10
Lawman
see Layamon
LAWRENCE, ABBOTT (1792-1855), American manufacturer and diplomat 9 246
LAWRENCE, DAVID HERBERT (1885-1930), English novelist, poet, and essayist 9 247-248
Leavis, F.R. 38 200-201
LAWRENCE, ERNEST ORLANDO (1901-1958), American physicist 9 248-250
LAWRENCE, FLORENCE (Florence Annie Bridgwood; 1886-1938), Canadian-born American actress 28 209-211
LAWRENCE, JACOB (1917-2000), African American painter 9 250-251
LAWRENCE, JAMES (1781-1813), American naval officer 9 251-252
LAWRENCE, SIR THOMAS (1769-1830), English portrait painter 9 252-253
LAWRENCE, THOMAS EDWARD (1888-1935), British soldier and author 9 253-254
Lawrence of Arabia
see Lawrence, Thomas Edward
LAWSON, HENRY (1867-1922), Australian poet and short-story writer 9 254-255
LAWSON, JERRY (Gerald Anderson Lawson; 1940-2011), American engineer 37 209-210
LAWSON, THOMAS WILLIAM (1857-1925), American entrepreneur and reformer 9 255-256
Lawyers
see Jurists
LAYAMON (flourished c. 1200), English poet 9 256-257
LAYBOURNE, GERALDINE (born 1947), American businesswoman 26 224-226
LAYE, CAMARA (1928-1980), Guinean novelist 9 257-259
LAZARSFELD, PAUL F. (1901-1976), American sociologist 9 259-260
LAZARUS, EMMA (1849-1887), American poet and playwright 9 260-261
LAZARUS, SHELLY (Rochelle Braff; born 1947), American businesswoman 27 231-233
LE BON, GUSTAVE (1841-1931), French social scientist and philosopher 9 268-269
LE BROCQUY, LOUIS (1916-2012), Irish artist 34 238-239
LE BRUN, CHARLES (1619-1690), French painter, decorator, and draftsman 9 269-270
LE CARRE, JOHN (born David Cornwell, 1931), British spy novelist 9 270-271
LE CORBUSIER (Charles Édouard Jeanneret-Gris; 1887-1965), Swiss architect, city planner, and painter 9 274-275
LE DUAN (1908-1986), North Vietnamese leader and later head of the government of all Vietnam 29 150-153
LE FANU, JOSEPH SHERIDAN (1814-1873), Irish author 23 206-208
LE GUIN, URSULA KROEBER (born 1929), American author 18 249-251
LE JEUNE, CLAUDE (c. 1530-1600), Flemish composer 9 314-315
Le Moyne, Pierre
see Iberville, Sieur d'
LE NAIN BROTHERS, 17th-century French painters 9 321-322
LE NÔTRE, ANDRÉ (or Le Nostre; 1613-1700), French landscape architect 9 328-329
LE PEN, JEAN MARIE (born 1928), French political activist of the radical right 9 348-350
LE PLAY, GUILLAUME FRÉDÉRIC (1806-1882), French sociologist and economist 9 350-351
Le Prestre, Sébastien
see Vauban, Marquis de
LE VAU, LOUIS (1612-1670), French architect 9 360-361
LEA, HENRY CHARLES (1825-1909), American historian 9 261-262
LEA, TOM (1907-2001), American artist and author 32 201-202
LEACOCK, RICHARD (1921-2011), British filmmaker 32 202-205
LEADBELLY (Huddie William Leadbetter; 1885-1949), African American folk singer 23 208-211
League of Nations (1919-1946)
Covenant
Jebb, Eglantyne 38 161-163
LEAKEY, LOUIS SEYMOUR BAZETT (1903-1972), British anthropologist 9 262
LEAKEY, MARY DOUGLAS (1913-1996), English archaeologist 9 263-264
LEAKEY, RICHARD ERSKINE FRERE (born 1944), Kenyan researcher in human prehistory and wildlife conservationist 9 264-265
LEAN, DAVID (1908-1991), English film director and producer 29 239-241
LEAR, EDWARD (1812-1888), English writer and artist 9 265-266
LEAR, NORMAN (born 1922), American author and television director and producer 19 193-195
LEARY, TIMOTHY (1920-1996), American psychologist, author, lecturer, and cult figure 9 266-267
LEASE, MARY ELIZABETH CLYENS (1853-1933), American writer and politician 9 268
LEAVIS, F.R. (1895-1978), English literary critic and educator 38 200-201
LEAVITT, HENRIETTA SWAN (1868-1921), American astronomer 23 211-213
LEBED, ALEXANDER IVANOVICH (1950-2002), Russian general and politician 18 245-247
LEBLANC, NICOLAS (1742-1806), French industrial chemist 21 256-258
LECKY, WILLIAM EDWARD HARTPOLE (1838-1903), Anglotrish historian and essayist 9 271-272
Leclerc, Georges Louis
see Buffon, Comte de
LECLERC, JACQUES PHILIPPE (1902-1947), French general 9 272-273
LECLERCQ, TANAQUIL (Tanny; 1929-2000), French American dancer 27 234-235
LECONTE DE LISLE, CHARLES MARIE RENÉ (1818-1894), French poet 9 273-274
LECUONA, ERNESTO (Ernesto Sixto de la Asuncion Lecuona y Casado; 1896-1963), Cuban musician 23 213-216
LED ZEPPELIN (1968-1980), British “Heavy Metal” band 23 216-218
LEDBETTER, LILLY (born 1938), American women's equality advocate 32 205-207
LEDERBERG, JOSHUA (1925-2008), Nobel Prize winning geneticist 9 275-277
LEDERER, ESTHER PAULINE (Ann Landers; 1918-2002), American Columnist 25 255-257
LEDOUX, CLAUDE NICOLAS (1736-1806), French architect 9 277-278
LEE, MOTHER ANN (1736-1784), religious and social reformer and founder of the Shakers 9 289-290
LEE, ARTHUR (1740-1792), American statesman and diplomat 9 288-289
LEE, ARTHUR (1945-2006), American rock musician and songwriter 38 202-204
LEE, BRUCE (1940-1973), Asian American actor and martial arts master 18 247-249
LEE, CHARLES (1731-1782), American general 22 294-297
LEE, HARPER (Nelle Harper Lee; born 1926), American author 20 220-222
LEE, MING CHO (born 1930), American scene designer for theater and opera 9 289-290
LEE, PEGGY (1920-2002), American singer 32 207-209
LEE, RICHARD HENRY (1732-1794), American patriot and statesman 9 291-292
LEE, ROBERT EDWARD (1807-1870), American army officer and Confederate general in chief 9 292-294
LEE, ROSE (Rose Hum; 1904-1964), American sociologist 21 258-260
LEE, SPIKE (born Sheldon Jackson Lee; born 1957), African American actor, author, and filmmaker 9 295-299
LEE, STAN (born 1922), American comics artist 30 253-255
LEE, TSUNG-DAO (born 1926), Chineseborn American physicist 9 299-300
LEE, YUAN TSEH (born 1936), Taiwanese American scientist and educator 23 218-220
LEE HSIEN LOONG (born 1952), Singaporean soldier and deputy prime minister 9 280-281
LEE JONG-WOOK (1945-2006), Korean physician and head of the World Health Organization 27 235-238
LEE KUAN YEW (born 1923), prime minister of Singapore (1959-1988) 9 281-283
LEE TENG-HUI (born 1923), president of the Republic of China (1988-) 9 283-285
Leeds, University of (England)
Hill, Geoffrey 38 138-140
LEEKPAI, CHUAN (born 1938), Thai prime minister 24 225-228
LEEUWENHOEK, ANTON VAN (1632-1723), Dutch naturalist and microscopist 9 300-301
LEFEBVRE, GEORGES (1874-1959), French historian 9 301-302
Léger, Alexis Saint-Léger
see Perse, Saint-John
LÉGER, FERNAND (1881-1955), French painter 9 302-303
Leggi fascistissime, le
see Fascist regime (Italy)
LEGHARI, SARDAR FAROOQ AHMED KHAN (1940-2010), president of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan 9 303-305
LEGINSKA, ETHEL (Ethel Liggins; 1886-1970), English American musician 23 220-222
Legislative Assembly (French Revolution)
see French Revolution–1789-91 (Legislative Assembly), 1792-95 (National Convention)
LEGUÍA Y SALCEDO, AUGUSTO BERNARDINO (1863-1932), Peruvian president 1908-12 and 1919-30 9 305-306
LEHMAN, ERNEST (1915-2005), American screenwriter 26 226-229
LEHMAN, HERBERT HENRY (1878-1963), American banker and statesman 9 306-307
LEHMANN, INGE (1888-1993), Danish seismologist 37 210-213
LEHMANN, LOTTE (1888-1976), German- American soprano 31 204-206
Lehmann, Walter
see Harwood, Gwen
LEHMBRUCK, WILHELM (1881-1919), German sculptor 9 307
Leiber, Jerry
see Leiber and Stoller
LEIBER AND STOLLER (Jerry Leiber; 1933-2011, and Mike Stoller; born 1933), American songwriters and producers 32 209-212
LEIBNIZ, GOTTFRIED WILHELM VON (1646-1716), German mathematician and philosopher 9 307-310
LEIBOVITZ, ANNIE (born 1949), Ameircan photographer 9 310-312
LEICESTER, EARL OF (Robert Dudley; c. 1532-1588), English politician 9 312-313
Leicester, 6th Earl of
see Montfort, Simon de
LEICHHARDT, LUDWIG (1813-c. 1848), German naturalist and explorer 38 204-206
LEIDY, JOSEPH (1823-1891), American scientist and educator 37 213-215
LEIGH, MIKE (born 1943), British director and screenwriter 23 222-225
LEIGH, VIVIEN (Vivian Mary Hartley; 1913-1967), British actress 18 251-253
LEISLER, JACOB (1640-1691), American colonial leader 9 313-314
LEITZEL, LILLIAN (born Leopoldina Altitza Pelikan; 1892-1931), German aerialist 23 225-227
LELY, SIR PETER (1618-1680), Germanborn painter active in England 9 315
Gibbons, Grinling 38 112-115
LEM, STANISLAW (1921-2006), Polish author 27 238-240
LEMAÎTRE, ABBÈ GEORGES ÉDOUARD (1894-1966), Belgian astronomer 9 315-316
LEMAY, CURTIS E. (1906-1990), United States combat leader (World War II) and Air Force chief of staff 9 316-318
LEMBEDE, ANTON (1913-1947), leader of black resistance to white supremacy in South Africa 9 318-319
LEMIEUX, MARIO (born 1965), Canadian hockey player and team owner 20 222-224
LEMMON, JACK (John Uhler Lemmon; 1925-2001), American actor 22 297-299
LEMNITZER, LYMAN LOUIS (Lem; 1899-1988), American soldier-statesman and strategist and NATO architect 9 319-320
LEMOND, GREG (born 1961), American cyclist 37 215-217
LENARD, PHILIPP (Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard; 1862-1947), Hungarianborn German physicist 25 259-261
L'ENFANT, PIERRE CHARLES (1754-1825), French-born American architect 9 322-323
L'ENGLE, MADELEINE (1918-2007), American author 18 253-255
LENGLEN, SUZANNE (1899-1938), French tennis player 19 195-197
LENIHAN, BRIAN, JR. (1959-2011), Irish politician 34 240-242
LENIN, VLADIMIR ILICH (1870-1924), Russian statesman 9 323-326
LENNON, JOHN (1940-1980), English songwriter and musician 9 326-328
LENORMAND, MARIE ANNE (1772-1843), French fortune teller 38 206-209
LENYA, LOTTE (1900-1981), Austrian- American singer 29 241-242
LENZ, WILHELM VON (1809-1883), Russian musicologist 29 243-245
LEO I (c. 400-461), saint and pope 440-461 9 329-330
LEO III (the Isaurian; c. 680-741), Byzantine emperor 717-741 9 330-332
LEO IX, ST. (Bruno of Egisheim; 1002-1054), pope 1049-1054 9 332
LEO X (Giovanni de' Medici; 1475-1521), pope 1513-1521 9 332-334
LEO XII (Annibale Sermattai della Genga; 1760-1829), Italian Roman Catholic pope (1823-1829) 26 297-299
LEO XIII (Vincenzo Gioacchino Pecci; 1810-1903), pope 1878-1903 9 334-336
LEO AFRICANUS (c. 1487-c. 1554), Spanish-Moroccan diplomat and traveler 37 3-5
Leo Hebraeus
see Levi ben Gershon
LEON, MOSES DE (c. 1250-1305), Jewish mystic 9 336
LEONARD, BUCK (1907-1997), American baseball player 33 192-194
LEONARD, DANIEL (1740-1829), American loyalist lawyer and essayist 9 336-337
LEONARD, ELMORE (1925-2013), American writer 32 212-214
LEONARD, SUGAR RAY (Ray Charles Leonard; born 1956), American boxer 24 228-231
LEONARDO DA VINCI (1452-1519), Italian painter, sculptor, architect, and scientist 9 337-340
Leonardo of Pisa
see Fibonacci, Leonardo
LEONE, SERGIO (1929-1989), Italian movie director 38 209-211
LEONIDAS I (c. 530 BCE - 480 BCE), Spartan king 9 340-343
LÉONIN (Leoninus; flourished c. 1165-1185), French composer 9 343-344
LEONOWENS, ANNA (1831-1915), British author and educator 36 238-240
LEOPARDI, CONTE GIACOMO (1798-1837), Italian poet 9 344-345
LEOPOLD I (1790-1865), king of Belgium 1831-1865 9 345-346
Leopold I (Duke of Tuscany)
see Leopold II (Holy Roman emperor)
LEOPOLD II (1747-1792), Holy Roman emperor 1790-1792 9 346
LEOPOLD II (1835-1909), king of Belgium 1865-1909 9 346-347
LEOPOLD III (1901-1983), king of Belgium 1934-1951 9 347-348
LEOPOLD, ALDO (1887-1948), American author and conservationist 28 211-213
Leopold, Duke of Brabant
see Leopold III (king of Belgium)
Lepoqo
see Moshweshwe
LEPSIUS, KARL RICHARD (1810-1884), German Egyptologist and linguist 30 256-258
LERDO DE TEJADA, MIGUEL (1812-1861), Mexican liberal politician 9 351-352
LERMONTOV, MIKHAIL YURIEVICH (1814-1841), Russian poet and prose writer 9 352-353
LERNER, ALAN JAY (1918-1986), American lyricist/librettist 20 224-226
LESAGE, ALAIN RENÉ (1668-1747), French novelist and playwright 9 353-354
LESCHETIZKY, THEODOR (1830-1915), Polish composer and pianist 31 207-208
LESCOT, PIERRE (1500/1515-1578), French architect 9 354
LESLIE, LISA (born 1972), American basketball player 37 217-219
LESPINASSE, JULIE DE (1732-1776), French writer 32 214-216
LESSEPS, VICOMTE DE (Ferdinand Marie; 1805-1894), French diplomat 9 354-355
LESSING, DORIS (Doris May Taylor; 1919-2013), South African expatriate writer 9 355-357
LESSING, GOTTHOLD EPHRAIM (1729-1781), German philosopher, dramatist, and critic 9 357-359
LETCHER, JOHN (1813-1884), American politician 9 359-360
LETTERMAN, DAVID (born 1947), American comedian 26 229-231
LEVANT, OSCAR (1906-1972), American composer and pianist 19 197-199
LEVERRIER, URBAIN JEAN JOSEPH (1811-1877), French mathematical astronomer 9 361-362
LÉVESQUE, RENÉ (1922-1987), premier of the province of Quebec, Canada (1976-1985) 9 362-363
Levi
see Matthew, Saint
LEVI, CARLO (1902-1975), Italian writer and painter 9 364
LEVI, PRIMO (1919-1987), Italian author and chemist 9 365-366
LÉVI, SYLVAIN (1863-1935), French scholar and Asian cultures expert 30 258-260
LEVI BEN GERSHON (1288-c. 1344), French Jewish scientist, philosopher, and theologian 9 363-364
LEVI-MONTALCINI, RITA (1909-2012), Italian-American biologist who discovered the nerve growth factor 9 366-368
LÉVI-STRAUSS, CLAUDE GUSTAVE (1908-2009), French social anthropologist 9 371-372
LEVINAS, EMMANUEL (1906-1995), Jewish philosopher 9 368-369
LEVINE, JAMES (born 1943), American conductor and pianist 9 369-371
LEVITT, HELEN (1913-2009), American photographer 30 260-261
LEVITT, WILLIAM (1907-1994), American real estate developer 19 199-201
LÉVY, BERNARD-HENRI (BHL; born 1948), French philosopher and author 28 213-215
LEVY, DAVID (born 1937), Israeli minister of foreign affairs and deputy prime minister 9 373-374
LÉVY-BRUHL, LUCIEN (1857-1939), French philosopher and anthropologist 9 374-375
LEW, HARRY (1884-1963), American basketball player 36 241-243
LEWIN, KURT (1890-1947), German- American social psychologist 9 375-376
LEWIS, ANDREW (c. 1720-1781), American general in the Revolution 9 376-377
LEWIS, BERNARD (born 1916), Britishborn American historian 38 211-213
LEWIS, CARL (born Frederick Carlton Lewis; born 1961), African American track and field athlete 9 377-380
LEWIS, CECIL DAY (1904-1972), British poet and essayist 9 380
LEWIS, CLARENCE IRVING (1883-1964), American philosopher 9 381
LEWIS, CLIVE STAPLES (C.S.; 1898-1963), British novelist and essayist 9 381-382
MacDonald, George 38 224-227
LEWIS, EDMONIA (Mary Edmomia Lewis; Wildfire; c. 1840-c. 1909), American sculptor 28 215-217
LEWIS, ESSINGTON (1881-1961), Australian industrial leader 9 382-384
LEWIS, GILBERT NEWTON (1875-1946), American physical chemist 9 384-385
LEWIS, HARRY SINCLAIR (1885-1951), American novelist 9 385-387
LEWIS, JERRY (born 1926), American comedian 30 261-264
LEWIS, JERRY LEE (born 1935), American musician 35 235-237
LEWIS, JOHN LLEWELLYN (1880-1969), American labor leader 9 387-388
LEWIS, JOHN ROBERT (born 1940), United States civil rights activist and representative from Georgia 9 388-390
LEWIS, MATTHEW GREGORY (1775-1818), English novelist and playwright 9 390-391
LEWIS, MERIWETHER (1774-1809), American explorer and army officer 9 391-392
LEWIS, OSCAR (1914-1970), American anthropologist 9 392-393
LEWIS, REGINALD FRANCIS (1942-1993), African American businessman, attorney, and philanthropist 25 261-263
Lewis, Sinclair
see Lewis, Harry Sinclair
LEWIS, WILLIAM ARTHUR (1915-1991), St. Lucian economist 27 240-242
LEWIS, WYNDHAM (Percy Wyndham Lewis; 1882-1957), Canadian-born British author and artist 28 217-219
LEWITT, SOL (1928-2007), American Minimalist and Conceptualist artist 9 393-395
Lexicography
English
Murray, James 38 256-258
Ley, Willie, (1907-1969), German-American science writer
Bonestell, Chesley 38 32-34
LEYSTER, JUDITH (1609-1660), Dutch artist 30 264-266
Li Erh
see Lao Tzu
Li Fei-kan
see Pa Chin
LI HUNG-CHANG (1823-1901), Chinese soldier, statesman, and industrialist 9 407-409
Li Ma-t'ou
see Ricci, Matteo
LI PENG (born 1928), premier of the People's Republic of China 9 433-435
LI PO (701-762), Chinese poet 9 437-439
Li Shih-min
see Tai-tsung, T'ang
LI QINGZHAO (1084-1150), Chinese poet 25 263-265
LI SSU (c. 280-208 BCE), Chinese statesman 9 442-443
LI TA-CHAO (1889-1927), Chinese Communist revolutionist 9 447
LI TZU-CH'ENG (c. 1606-1645), Chinese bandit and rebel leader 9 452
LIANG CH'I-CH'AO (1873-1929), Chinese intellectual and political reformer 9 395-396
LIANG WU-TI (464-549), Chinese emperor of Southern dynasties 9 396-397
LIAQUAT ALI KHAN (1896-1951), Pakistani statesman 9 397
LIBBY, LEONA MARSHALL (1919-1986), American nuclear scientist 26 231-233
LIBBY, WILLARD FRANK (1908-1980), American chemist 9 397-398
Liberation theology
Arns, Paolo Evaristo 38 12-14
LICHTENSTEIN, ROY (1923-1997), American painter, sculptor, and printmaker 9 398-399
Liddy, G. Gordon, (born 1930)
Hunt, E. Howard 38 154-157
LIE, TRYGVE HALVDAN (1896-1968), Norwegian statesman and UN secretary general 9 400-401
LIEBER, FRANCIS (c. 1798-1872), German American political scientist 9 401-402
Lieber, Stanley Martin
see Lee, Stan
LIEBERMANN, MAX (1847-1935), German painter 9 402-403
LIEBIG, BARON JUSTUS VON (1803-1873), German chemist 9 403-404
Lift (aerodynamic force)
Cayley, George 38 51-53
LIGACHEV, YEGOR KUZ'MICH (born 1920), member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1966-1990) 9 404-406
LIGETI, GYÖRGY (1923-2006), Austrian composer 9 406-407
LIGHTNER, CANDY (born 1946), American activist and founder of Mothers Against Drunk Driving 19 201-203
LILBURNE, JOHN (1615-1657), English political activist and pamphleteer 9 409-410
LILIENTHAL, DAVID ELI (1899-1981), American public administrator 9 410-411
LILIENTHAL, OTTO (1848-1896), Prussian design engineer 21 260-262
LILIUOKALANI, LYDIA KAMAKAEHA (1838-1917), queen of the Hawaiian Islands 9 411-412
LILLY, ELI (1885-1977), American businessman and philanthropist 25 265-267
Lima e Silva, Luiz Alves de
see Caxias, Duque de
LIMBOURG BROTHERS (flourished c. 1399-1416), Netherlandish illuminators 9 412-413
LIMÓN, JOSÉ ARCADIA (1908-1972), Mexican American dancer and choreographer 23 227-229
LIN, MAYA YING (born 1959), American architect 9 413-415
LIN PIAO (1907-1971), Chinese Communist military and political leader 9 429-430
LIN TSE-HSÜ (1785-1850), Chinese official 9 431-432
LIN YUTANG (1895-1976), Chinese author, philosopher, and translator 25 267-269
LINACRE, THOMAS (c. 1460-1524), English physician 33 194-197
LINCOLN, ABRAHAM (1809-1865), American statesman, president 1861-1865 9 415-418
LINCOLN, BENJAMIN (1733-1810), American military officer 9 418-419
LIND, JAKOV (Heinz “Henry” Landwirth; 1927-2007), Austrian autobiographer, short-story writer, novelist, and playwright 9 419-420
LIND, JENNY (Johanna Maria Lind; 1820-1887), Swedish coloratura soprano 26 233-235
LINDBERGH, ANNE MORROW (1906-2001), American author and aviator 9 420-421
LINDBERGH, CHARLES AUGUSTUS (1902-1974), American aviator 9 421-423
LINDGREN, ASTRID (Astrid Anna Emilia Ericcson; 1907-2002), Swedish author and editor 28 219-221
LINDSAY, JOHN VLIET (1921-2000), U.S. congressman (1959-1965) and mayor of New York (1966-1973) 9 423-424
LINDSAY, VACHEL (1879-1931), American folk poet 9 424-425
LINDSEY, BENJAMIN BARR (1869-1943), American jurist and reformer 9 425-426
Linguistics (science)
Zhou Youguang 38 375-376
LINH, NGUYEN VAN (1915-1998), secretary-general of the Vietnamese Communist Party (1986-1991) 9 426-427
LINKLATER, ANDRO (1944-2013), Scottish journalist and historian 35 237-239
LINNAEUS, CARL (Carl von Linné; 1707-1778), Swedish naturalist 9 427-429
LINTON, RALPH (1893-1953), American anthropologist 9 431
LIPATTI, DINU (Constantin Lipatti; 1917-1950), Romanian musician and composer 28 222-223
LIPCHITZ, JACQUES (1891-1973), Lithuanian-born American sculptor 9 432-433
LIPMANN, FRITZ (1899-1986), German- American biochemist 9 435-437
LIPPI, FRA FILIPPO (c. 1406-1469), Italian painter 9 439
LIPPMANN, GABRIEL (1845-1921), French physicist and inventor 25 269-271
LIPPMANN, WALTER (1889-1974), American journalist 9 439-440
LIPPOLD, RICHARD (1915-2002), American Constructivist sculptor 9 440-442
Lisandrino
see Magnasco, Alessandro
Lisbôa, Antônio Francisco
see Aleijadinho, O
LISPECTOR, CLARICE (1920-1977), Brazilian writer 37 19-21
LIST, GEORG FRIEDRICH (1789-1846), German economist 9 443-444
LISTER, JOSEPH (1st Baron Lister of Lyme Regis; 1827-1912), English surgeon 9 444-445
LISTON, SONNY (Charles L. Liston; 1932-1970), American boxer 36 243-245
LISZT, FRANZ (1811-1886), Hungarian composer 9 445-447
Literary criticism
Leavis, F.R. 38 200-201
Literature for children
England
Crane, Walter 38 63-65
Germany
Hoffmann, Heinrich 38 146-149
United States
McKissack, Patricia and Fredrick 38 234-236
Pyle, Howard 38 299-301
Little, Malcolm
see Malcolm X (film)
LITTLE, ROYAL (1896-1989), American textile tycoon 9 449-451
LITTLE MILTON (James Milton Campbell; 1934-2005), American blues musician 26 236-237
LITTLE RICHARD (Richard Penniman; born 1932), American rock 'n' roll musician 9 447-449
LITTLE WOLF (c. 1818-1904), Cheyenne chief 18 255-257
Littleton, Mark
see Kennedy, John Pendleton
LITVAK, ANATOLE (1902-1974), Russian filmmaker 35 239-242
LITVINENKO, ALEXANDER (1962-2006), Russian security officer 38 214-216
LITVINOV, MAXIM MAXIMOVICH (1876-1951), Soviet diplomat 9 451-452
Liu Ch'e
see Han Wu-ti
Liu Chi
see Liu Pang
LIU HSIEH (c. 465-522), Chinese literary critic 9 452-453
Liu Hsiu
see Kuang-wu-ti
LIU PANG (Han Kao-tsu or Liu Chi; 256 BCE-195 BCE), Chinese emperor 9 453
LIU SHAO-CH'I (1900-1974), Chinese Communist party leader 9 453-455
LIU TSUNG-YÜAN (773-819), Chinese poet and prose writer 9 455-456
LIU XIAOBO (born 1955), Chinese activist 33 197-199
Liuzzi, Mondino de
see Luzzi, Mondino de'
LIUZZO, VIOLA (1925-1965), American civil rights activist 19 203-205
LIVERIGHT, HORACE B. (1886-1933), American publisher 23 229-231
LIVERMORE, MARY (1820-1905), American suffragette and reformer 29 247-249
LIVERPOOL, 2ND EARL OF (Robert Barks Jenkinson; 1770-1828), English statesman, prime minister 1812-1827 9 456-457
LIVIA (c. 58 BCE - 29 A.D.), Roman empress, wife of Augustus 9 457-460
LIVINGSTON, EDWARD (1764-1836), American jurist and statesman 9 460-461
LIVINGSTON, ROBERT (1654-1728), American colonial politician 9 461-462
LIVINGSTON, ROBERT R. (1746-1813), American jurist and diplomat 9 462-463
LIVINGSTONE, DAVID (1813-1873), Scottish missionary and explorer in Africa 9 463-465
LIVY (Titus Livius; c. 64 BCE-c. 12 A.D.), Roman historian 9 465-467
Lizardi, José Joaquín Fernández de
see Fernández de Lizardi, José Joaquín
LLERAS CAMARGO, ALBERTO (1906-1990), Colombian statesman, twice president 9 467
LLEWELYN AP GRUFFYDD (died 1282), Prince of Wales 9 468
LLOYD, HENRY DEMAREST (1847-1903), American social reformer 9 468-469
LLOYD, HAROLD (1893-1971), American actor 20 226-229
LLOYD GEORGE, DAVID, (1st Earl of Dwyfor; 1863-1945), English statesman, prime minister 1916-1922 9 469-471
LLOYD-JONES, ESTHER MCDONALD (1901-1991), school personnel specialist who focused on development of the whole person 9 471-472
LLULL, RAMON (c. 1232-c. 1316), Catalan philosopher and missionary 38 216-218
LOBACHEVSKII, NIKOLAI IVANOVICH (1792-1856), Russian mathematician 9 472-474
LOBDELL, LUCY ANN (1829-1912), American vagabond 36 245-247
LOBENGULA (died c. 1894), South African Ndebele king 9 474-475
LOBO, REBECCA ROSE (born 1973), American basketball player 31 209-210
LOCHNER, STEPHAN (c. 1410-1451), German painter 9 475
LOCKE, ALAIN (1886-1954), African American educator, editor, and author 9 475-478
LOCKE, JOHN (1632-1704), English philosopher and political theorist 9 478-480
LOCKE, PATRICIA (1928-2001), American educator 31 211
LOCKWOOD, BELVA (1830-1917), American lawyer, suffragist, and reformer 19 205-207
LODGE, DAVID (born 1935), English novelist 9 480-482
LODGE, HENRY CABOT (1850-1924), American political leader 9 482-483
LODGE, HENRY CABOT, JR. (1902-1985), American congressman, senator, ambassador, and presidential adviser 9 483-485
Lodovico il Moro
see Sforza, Lodovico
LOEB, JACQUES (Isaak Loeb; 1859-1924), German-American biophysiologist 22 299-301
LOESSER, FRANK (Francis Henry Loesser; 1910-1969), American lyricist 18 257-259
LOEW, MARCUS (1870-1927), founder of a theater chain and Metro-Goldwyn- Mayer 9 485-486
LOEWI, OTTO (1873-1961), German- American pharmacologist and physiologist 9 486-487
LOEWY, RAYMOND (1893-1986), Frenchborn industrial designer 35 242-244
LOFTING, HUGH (1886-1947), British author of children's books 19 207-209
LOGAN, GEORGE (1753-1821), American politician and diplomat 23 231-234
LOGAN, JAMES (1674-1751), American colonial statesman and jurist 9 487-488
LOGAN, MYRA ADELE (1908-1977), American physician and surgeon 30 266-268
LOGAN, SIR WILLIAM EDMOND (1798-1875), Canadian geologist 9 488-489
Loges, François des
see Villon, François
LOISY, ALFRED FIRMIN (1857-1940), French theologian and biblical historian 9 489-490
LOMAX, ALAN (1915-2002), American folklorist, author and musician 27 242-244
LOMAX, ALMENA (1915-2011), American journalist and activist 32 216-218
LOMAX, JOHN AVERY (1867-1948), American musicologist 28 224-225
LOMBARD, CAROLE (1909-1942), American actress 29 249-251
LOMBARD, PETER (c. 1095-1160), Italian bishop and theologian 9 490-491
LOMBARDI, VINCE (1913-1970), American football coach 9 491-492
LOMBARDO, GUY (Gaetano Alberto Lombardo; 1902-1977), Canadian band leader 23 234-236
LOMBROSO, CESARE (1835-1909), Italian criminologist 9 493
LOMONOSOV, MIKHAIL VASILEVICH (1711-1765), Russian chemist and physicist 9 494
LON NOL (1913-1985), Cambodian general and politician 29 251-253
LONDON, JACK (1876-1916), American author 9 494-495
LONDONDERRY, ANNIE (1870-1947), American cyclist 29 253-256
Londonderry, 2nd Marquess of
see Castlereagh, Viscount
LONG, CRAWFORD WILLIAMSON (1815-1878), American physician 9 495-496
LONG, HUEY PIERCE (1893-1935), American politician 9 496-497
LONG, IRENE D. (born 1951), African American aerospace medicine physician 9 497-498
Long Parliament (England; 1640-60)
Sidney, Algernon 38 322-324
LONGFELLOW, HENRY WADSWORTH (1807-1882), American poet 9 499-500
LONGINUS (flourished 1st or 3rd century), Latin author and rhetorician 9 500-501
LONGSTREET, JAMES (1821-1904), American army officer 22 301-305
LONGUS (flourished 3rd century), Greek author 20 229-230
LONNROT, ELIAS (1802-1884), Finnish author and physician 25 271-273
LONSDALE, KATHLEEN (born Kathleen Yardley; 1903-1971), Irish crystallographer 9 501-502
LOOS, ADOLF (1870-1933), Viennese architect 9 502-503
LOOS, ANITA (1893-1981), American actress and writer 21 262-265
LOPE FÉLIX DE VEGA CARPIO (1562-1635), Spanish dramatist 9 503-506
LÓPEZ, CARLOS ANTONIO (1792-1862), Paraguayan president-dictator 1844-1862 9 506-507
LÓPEZ, FRANCISCO SOLANO (1826-1870), Paraguayan president-dictator 9 507-508
López, Israel
see Cachao
LOPEZ, NANCY (born 1957), American golfer 30 268-270
LÓPEZ, NARCISO (1798-1851), Venezuelan military leader 9 508
LOPEZ ARELLANO, OSWALDO (1921-2010), Honduran military officer and president 20 230-231
LÓPEZ DE AYALA, PEDRO (1332-1407), Spanish statesman, historian, and poet 9 508-509
LÓPEZ MATEOS, ADOLFO (1910-1970), president of Mexico (1958-1964) 9 509-510
LÓPEZ PORTILLO, JOSÉ (1920-2004), president of Mexico (1976-1982) 9 510-511
LOPOKOVA, LYDIA (1891-1981), Russian ballerina 31 212-214
LORCA, FEDERICO GARCÍA (1898-1936), Spanish poet and playwright 9 511-513
LORD, BETTE BAO (born 1938), Chinese American writer and activist 32 218-220
Lord Haw Haw
see Joyce, William
LORDE, AUDRE (1934-1992), African American poet 9 513-515
LOREN, SOPHIA (Sofia Villani Scicolene; born 1936), Italian actress and author 18 259-261
LORENTZ, HENDRIK ANTOON (1853-1928), Dutch physicist 9 515-516
LORENZ, KONRAD Z. (1903-1989), animal psychologist 9 516-517
LORENZANA, ANTONIO (1722-1804), Spanish cardinal 32 220-222
LORENZETTI, PIERRE AND AMBROGIO (flourished 14th century), Italian painters 9 517-518
LORENZINI, CARLO (1826-1890), Italian author 30 118-120
Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim (baseball team)
Autry, Gene 38 14-16
Connors, Chuck 38 59-61
Lost World, The (novel and film)
Fawcett, Percy 38 92-95
Lothar of Segni
see Innocent III
LOTI, PIERRE (1850-1923), French novelist 9 519-520
LOTT, TRENT (Chester Trent Lott; born 1941), American congressman 18 262-264
LOTTO, LORENZO (c. 1480-1556), Italian painter 9 520-521
LOTZE, RUDOLF HERMANN (1817-1881), German idealist philosopher 9 521-522
LOUIS I (778-840), Holy Roman emperor and king of France and Germany 814-840 9 522-523
Louis II, (1845-1886)
see Ludwig II of Bavaria
LOUIS VI (1081-1137), king of France 1108-1137 9 523-524
LOUIS VII (c. 1120-1180), king of France 1137-1180 9 524-525
LOUIS IX (1214-1270), king of France 1226-1270 9 525-526
LOUIS XI (1423-1483), king of France 1461-1483 9 526-528
LOUIS XII (1462-1515), king of France 1498-1515 9 528-529
LOUIS XIII (1601-1643), king of France 1610-1643 9 529-531
LOUIS XIV (1638-1715), king of France 1643-1715 9 531-533
LOUIS XV (1710-1774), king of France 1715-1774 9 533-534
LOUIS XVI (1754-1793), king of France 1774-1792 9 534-535
LOUIS XVIII (1755-1824), king of France 1814-1824 9 535-536
LOUIS, JOE (Joe Louis Barrow; 1914-1981), American boxer 9 537-538
LOUIS, MORRIS (Bernstein; 1912-1962), American painter 9 538-539
LOUIS, PIERRE CHARLES ALEXANDRE (1787-1872), French physician 9 540
Louis, Saint
see Louis IX (king of France)
Louis d'Orléans
see Louis XII (king of France)
Louis le Dieudonné
see Louis XIV (king of France)
Louis Napoleon
see Napoleon III, Emperor of the French
LOUIS PHILIPPE (1773-1850), king of the French 1830-1848 9 536-537
Louis the Great
see Louis XIV (king of France)
Louis the Pious
see Louis I (Holy Roman emperor)
Love (music group)
Lee, Arthur 38 202-204
LOVE, NAT (1854-1921), African American champion cowboy 10 1-2
LOVE, SUSAN M. (born 1948), American surgeon and medical researcher 10 2-3
LOVECRAFT, H. P. (1890-1937), American author 10 3-6
LOVEJOY, ARTHUR ONCKEN (1873-1962), American philosopher 10 6
LOVEJOY, ELIJAH PARISH (1802-1837), American newspaper editor and abolitionist 10 6-7
LOVELACE, ADA BYRON (Countess of Lovelace, Augusta Ada King Byron; 1815-1852), English mathematician and author 18 264-266
LOVELACE, RICHARD (c. 1618-c. 1657), English Cavalier poet 10 7-8
LOVELL, SIR ALFRED CHARLES BERNARD (1913-2012), English astronomer 10 8-9
LOVING, MILDRED (1939-2008), American plaintiff, Loving v. Virginia 36 247-249
Loving, Richard 38 218-220
LOVING, RICHARD (1933-1975), American plaintiff, Loving v. Virginia 38 218-220
Loving v. Virginia (legal case, 1967)
Loving, Richard 38 218-220
LOW, JULIETTE GORDON (born Juliette Magill Kinzie Gordon; 1860-1927), American reformer and founder of the Girl Scouts 10 10-11
LOW, SETH (1850-1916), American politician and college president 10 11-12
LOWE, THADDEUS S.C. (1832-1913), American aeronaut 31 215-217
LOWELL, ABBOTT LAWRENCE (1856-1943), American educator and political scientist 10 12-13
LOWELL, AMY (1874-1925), American poet, critic, and biographer 10 13
LOWELL, FRANCIS CABOT (1775-1817), American merchant and manufacturer 10 13-14
LOWELL, JAMES RUSSELL (1819-1891), American poet and diplomat 10 14-15
LOWELL, JOSEPHINE SHAW (1843-1905), American social reformer and philanthropist 10 15-16
LOWELL, ROBERT TRAIL SPENCE, JR. (1917-1977), American poet 10 16-17
LOWIE, ROBERT HARRY (1883-1957), Austrian-born American anthropologist 10 18
LOWRY, MALCOLM (1909-1957), English author 19 209-211
LOZIER, CLEMENCE SOPHIA HARNED (1813-1888), American suffragist, reformer, and physician 25 273-275
LU CHI (261-303), Chinese poet and critic 10 24
LU CHIU-YUAN (Lu Hsiang-shan; 1139-1193), Chinese philosopher 10 24-25
LU HSÜN (pen name of Chou Shu-jen; 1881-1936), Chinese author and social critic 10 35-37
Luang Pradit Manutham
see Pridi Phanomyong
LUBETKIN, ZIVIA (1914-1976), Polish resistance fighter 34 242-244
LUBITSCH, ERNST (1892-1947), German- American film director 10 18-19
LUCARIS, CYRIL (1572-1637), Greek Orthodox patriarch and theologian 10 20
LUCAS, GEORGE (born 1944), American filmmaker 19 211-213
LUCAS VAN LEYDEN (1494-1533), Dutch engraver and painter 10 20-21
LUCE, CLARE BOOTHE (1903-1987), playwright and U.S. congresswoman 10 21-23
LUCE, HENRY ROBINSON (1898-1967), American magazine editor and publisher 10 23-24
LUCIAN (c. 120-c. 200), Greek satirist 10 25-26
LUCIANO, LUCKY (Charles Luciano, Salvatore Lucania; 1897-1962), Italian American mobster 19 214-215
LUCID, SHANNON (born 1943), American astronaut 19 215-217
LUCRETIUS (Titus Lucretius Carus; c. 94-c. 55 BCE), Latin poet and philosopher 10 26-27
LUDENDORFF, ERICH FRIEDRICH WILHELM (1865-1937), German general 10 27-28
LUDINGTON, SYBIL (1761-1839), American revolutionary 36 249-251
LUDLUM, ROBERT (a.k.a. Jonathan Ryder and Michael Shepherd; 1927-2001), American suspense novelist 10 28-29
LUDWIG I OF BAVARIA (1786-1868), king of Bavaria 1825-1848 34 244-246
LUDWIG II OF BAVARIA (Ludwig Otto Friedrich Wilhelm; 1845-1886), king of Bavaria 1864-1886 35 244-246
LUDWIG, DANIEL KEITH (1897-1992), American shipping magnate 10 29-31
LUDWIG, KARL FRIEDRICH WILHELM (1816-1895), German physiologist 10 31
LUGARD, FREDERICK JOHN DEALTRY (1st Baron Lugard; 1858-1945), British soldier and colonial administrator in Africa 10 31-32
LUGOSI, BELA (1882-1956), Hungarian- American actor 35 246-249
Lugovoy, Andrei, (born 1966), Russian politician
Litvinenko, Alexander 38 214-216
LUHAN, MABEL DODGE (1879-1962), American writer, salon hostess, and patron of artists, writers, and political radicals 10 32-34
LUHMANN, NIKLAS (1927-1998), German sociologist who developed a general sociological systems theory 10 34-35
LUKÁCS, GYORGY (1885-1971), Hungarian literary critic and philosopher 10 37-38
Lukar, Cyril
see Lucaris, Cyril
LUKASIEWICZ, IGNACY (1822-1882), Polish pharmacist and inventor of the kerosene lamp 28 225-227
LUKE, ST. (flourished A.D. 50), Evangelist and biblical author 10 38
LUKENS, REBECCA (née Rebecca Webb Pennock; 1794-1854), American industrialist 25 275-277
LUKS, GEORGE BENJAMIN (1867-1933), American painter 10 38-39
LULA DA SILVA, LUIZ INÁCIO (Lula; born 1945), president of Brazil 27 244-247
Lull, Raymond
see Llull, Ramon
LULLY, JEAN BAPTISTE (1632-1687), Italian-born French composer 10 40-41
LUMET, SIDNEY (1924-2011), American filmmaker and television director 22 305-307
LUMIÈRE BROTHERS (Auguste Marie Louis, 1862-1954, and Louis Jean, 1864-1948), French inventors 10 41-43
LUMMIS, CHARLES FLETCHER (1859-1928), American adventurer and journalist 33 199-201
LUMUMBA, PATRICE EMERY (1925-1961), Congolese statesman 10 43-45
LUNDY, BENJAMIN (1789-1839), American journalist 10 45-46
LUNS, JOSEPH (1911-2002), West European political leader 10 46-47
LUPER, CLARA (1923-2011), American equal rights activist 33 201-203
LURIA, ISAAC BEN SOLOMON ASHKENAZI (1534-1572), Jewish mystic 10 47-48
LUTHER, MARTIN (1483-1546), German religious reformer 10 48-51
LUTHULI, ALBERT JOHN (1898-1967), South African statesman 10 51-52
LUTOSLAWSKI, WITOLD (1913-1994), Polish composer 10 52-53
LUTYENS, EDWIN LANDSEER (1869-1944), English architect 10 54-55
Jekyll, Gertrude 38 163-165
LUWUM, JANANI (1922-1977), Ugandan religious leader and minister 36 251-253
LUXEMBURG, ROSA (1870-1919), Polish revolutionary 10 55-56
LUZ, ARTURO ROGERIO (born 1926), Philippine painter and sculptor 10 56-57
LUZHKOV, YURI MIKHAYLOVICH (born 1936), mayor of Moscow 18 266-268
LUZZATO, MOSES HAYYIM (1707-1747), Jewish mystic and poet 10 57-58
LUZZI, MONDINO DE' (c. 1265-1326), Italian anatomist 10 58
LWOFF, ANDRÉ (1902-1994), French microbiologist and geneticist 10 58-59
LY, ABDOULAYE (born 1919), Senegalese politician and historian 10 60
LYAUTEY, LOUIS HUBERT GONZALVE (1854-1934), French marshal and colonial administrator 10 60-61
LYDGATE, JOHN (c. 1370-1449/50), English poet 10 61-62
LYDIARD, ARTHUR (1917-2004), New Zealander running coach 36 253-256
LYELL, SIR CHARLES (1797-1875), Scottish geologist 10 62-63
Lymphatic system (anatomy)
Hodgkin, Thomas 38 144-146
LYND, HELEN MERRELL (1896-1982), American sociologist and educator 10 63-64
LYND, ROBERT STAUGHTON (1892-1970), American sociologist 10 64-65
LYND, STAUGHTON (born 1929), historian and peace militant 10 65-66
LYNDSAY, SIR DAVID (c. 1485-1555), Scottish poet and courtier 10 66-67
LYNN, LORETTA (born 1932), American country singer-songwriter 38 221-223
LYON, MARY (1797-1849), American educator, religious leader, and women's rights advocate 10 67-69
LYONS, ENID MURIEL (1897-1981), Australian politician 29 258-260
LYONS, JOSEPH ALOYSIUS (1879-1939), Australian statesman, prime minister 1932-39 10 69-70
LYOTARD, JEAN-FRANÇOIS (1924-1998), French philosopher and cultural theorist 36 256-257
LYSANDER (died 395 BCE), Spartan military commander and statesman 10 70
LYSENKO, TROFIM DENISOVICH (1898-1976), Soviet agronomist and geneticist 10 71
Belyaev, Dmitry K. 38 21-23
Lytton of Knebworth, 1st Baron
see Bulwer-Lytton, Edward M
MA, YO-YO (born 1955), American cellist 20 232-234
MAAS, PETER (1929-2001), American author 27 248-251
MAASSAB, HUNEIN (1926-2014), American scientist 35 250-252
MAATHAI, WANGARI MUTA (1940-2011), Kenyan environmental activist 18 269-271
MABILLON, JEAN (1632-1707), French monk and historian 10 72
MABINI, APOLINARIO (1864-1903), Filipino political philosopher 10 72-73
MABLEY, MOMS (1897-1975), American comedian 35 252-255
Mabovitch, Golda
see Meir, Golda
MABUCHI, KAMO (1697-1769), Japanese writer and scholar 10 73-74
MACAPAGAL, DIOSDADO P. (1910-1997), Filipino statesman 10 74-76
MACAPAGAL-ARROYO, GLORIA (Gloria Arroyo; born 1947), presidnet of the Philippine islands 25 278-280
MACARTHUR, DOUGLAS (1880-1964), American general 10 76-78
MACARTHUR, ELLEN (born 1976), English yachtswoman 33 204-206
MACARTHUR, JOHN (c. 1767-1834), Australian merchant, sheep breeder, and politician 10 78
MACAULAY, CATHARINE (Catherine Sawbridge Macaulay Graham; 1731-1791), British author and feminist 25 280-282
MACAULAY, HERBERT (1864-1945), Nigerian politician 10 78-79
MACAULAY, THOMAS BABINGTON (1st Baron Macaulay of Rothley; 1800-1859), English essayist, historian, and politician 10 79-80
MACBETH (died 1057), king of Scotland 1040-1057 10 81
MACBRIDE, JOHN (1865-1916), Irish patriot 31 218-219
MACBRIDE, SEAN (1904-1988), Irish statesman 19 218-220
MACCREADY, PAUL (1925-2007), American aeronautical engineer 20 234-237
MACDONALD, DWIGHT (1906-1982), American editor, journalist, essayist, and critic 10 81-83
MACDONALD, ELEANOR JOSEPHINE (1906-2007), American epidemiologist 10 83-84
MACDONALD, GEORGE (1824-1905), Scottish author and Christian visionary 38 224-227
MACDONALD, JAMES RAMSAY (1866-1937), British politician 10 84-85
MACDONALD, SIR JOHN ALEXANDER (1815-1891), Canadian statesman 10 85-87
MACDOWELL, EDWARD ALEXANDER (1861-1908), American pianist and composer 10 87-88
MACEO, ANTONIO (1845-1896), Cuban general and patriot 10 88-90
MACGILL, ELSIE (Elizabeth Muriel Gregory MacGill; 1905-1980), Canadian aeronautical engineer 37 222-224
MACH, ERNST (1838-1916), Austrian physicist 10 90-91
MACHADO, ANTONIO (1875-1939), Spanish poet 35 255-256
MACHADO, CHINA (1929-2016), Chinese fashion model 38 227-229
MACHADO DE ASSIS, JOAQUIM MARIA (1839-1908), Brazilian novelist 10 91-92
MACHADO Y MORALES, GERARDO (1871-1939), Cuban general and president 10 92-93
MACHAUT, GUILLAUMEDE (c. 1300-1377), French composer and poet 10 93-94
MACHEL, GRAÇA (born 1945), Mozambican activist and government official 37 224-226
MACHEL, SAMORA MOISES (1933-1986), socialist revolutionary and first president of Mozambique 10 94-96
MACHIAVELLI, NICCOLÒ (1469-1527), Italian author and statesman 10 97-99
Machine gun
see Weapons and explosives
MACÍAS NGUEMA, FRANCISCO (1924-1979), Equatorial Guinean statesman 33 206-208
MACINTOSH, CHARLES (1766-1843), Scottish chemist and inventor 38 229-230
MACINTYRE, ALASDAIR CHALMERS (born 1929), Scottish-born philosopher and ethicist 10 99-100
MACIVER, ROBERT MORRISON (1882-1970), Scottish-American sociologist, political philosopher, and educator 10 100-101
MACK, CONNIE (Cornelius Alexander McGillicuddy; 1862-1956), American baseball player and manager 19 220-222
MACKAY, JOHN WILLIAM (1831-1902), American miner and business leader 10 101-102
MACKE, AUGUST (1887-1914), Expressionist painter 10 102-103
MACKENZIE, ADA (1891-1973), Canadian golfer 24 232-234
MACKENZIE, SIR ALEXANDER (c. 1764-1820), Scottish explorer, fur trader, and businessman 10 103-104
MACKENZIE, ALEXANDER (1822-1892), Scottish-born Canadian statesman, prime minister 1873-1878 10 104
MACKENZIE, WILLIAM LYON (1795-1861), Scottish-born Canadian journalist, politician, and rebel 10 104-106
Mackenzie King, William Lyon
see King, William Lyon Mackenzie
MACKERRAS, ALAN CHARLES (Sir Charles Mackerrras; 1925-2010), Australian conductor 23 237-239
MACKILLOP, MARY (1842-1909), first Australian candidate for sainthood in the Roman Catholic Church and foundress of the Sisters of Saint Joseph of the Sacred Heart 10 106-107
MACKINNON, CATHARINE (born 1946), American attorney, professor, and author 36 258-260
MACKINTOSH, CHARLES RENNIE (1868-1928), Scottish artist, architect, and interior/furniture/textile designer 10 107-108
MACLEAN, DONALD (1913-1983), British diplomat and spy 34 247-249
MACLEAN, GEORGE (1801-1847), Scottish soldier and agent of British expansion 10 108-109
MACLEISH, ARCHIBALD (1892-1982), American poet, playwright, and public official 10 109-110
MACLENNAN, HUGH (1907-1990), Canadian novelist, essayist, and academic 10 110-111
MACLEOD, JOHN JAMES RICKARD (1876-1935), Scottish physiologist 24 234-237
MACMILLAN, DONALD BAXTER (1874-1970), American explorer and scientist 10 111-112
MACMILLAN, HAROLD (1894-1986), British statesman 10 112-113
MACNEICE, LOUIS (1907-1964), British poet 10 113-114
MACON, NATHANIEL (1758-1837), American statesman 10 114-115
MACONCHY, ELIZABETH (Betty Maconchy; 1907-1994), British composer 27 251-253
MACPHAIL, AGNES CAMPBELL (1890-1954), Canadian activist and politician 24 237-239
MACQUARIE, LACHLAN (1762-1824), British officer, governor of New South Wales 1810-1822 10 115-116
MACQUARRIE, JOHN (1919-2007), Anglican theologian 10 116-117
Macy, Anne Sullivan
see Sullivan, Anne Mansfield
Macy, Mrs. John Albert
see Sullivan, Anne Mansfield, (Mrs. John Albert Macy; 1887-1936)
MACY, ROWLAND H. (1822-1877), American retailer and businessman 32 223-225
MADAME DE POMPADOUR (Jeanne- Antoinette Poisson Pompasourr; 1721-1764), French mistress 28 228-230
Madeline series (children's books)
Bemelmans, Ludwig 38 23-26
MADERNO, CARLO (1556-1629), Italian architect 10 117-118
MADERO, FRANCISCO INDALECIO (1873-1913), Mexican politician, president 1911-13 10 118-119
MADHVA (Vasudeva; Madhwa; Anande Tirtha; Purna Prajna; c.1199-c.1276), Indian theologian and philosopher 22 308-309
MADISON, DOLLY (wife of James Madison, born Dorothea Payne; 1768-1849), American first lady 10 119-121
MADISON, JAMES (1751-1836), American statesman, president 1809-1817 10 121-123
MADONNA (Madonna Louise Veronica Ciccone, born 1958), American singer and actress 10 123-125
MAEKAWA, KUNIO (1905-1986), Japanese architect 23 239-242
Maelwael, Pol, Herman, and Jehanequin
see Limbourg Brothers
MAETERLINCK, COUNT MAURICE (1863-1949), Belgian poet, dramatist, and essayist 10 125-126
Mafalda (comic strip)
Quino 38 302-304
MAFFEI, CLARA (1814-1886), Italian intellectual 31 220-221
MAGELLAN, FERDINAND (1480-1521), Portuguese explorer 10 126-127
MAGENDIE, FRANCOIS (1783-1855), French physiologist 25 282-285
Magicians
Nivelli, Herbert 38 273-275
MAGIE, ELIZABETH (1866-1948), American game designer 37 226-229
MAGLIOZZI, TOM (1937-2014), American radio personality 37 229-231
MAGNANI, ANNA (1908-1973), Italian actress 26 238-241
MAGNASCO, ALESSANDRO (1667-1749), Italian painter 10 127-128
Magnus, Cnaeus Pompeius
see Pompey
MAGRITTE, RENÉ (1890-1967), Surrealist painter 10 128-130
MAGSAYSAY, RAMON (1907-1957), Philippine statesman, president 1953-1957 10 130-131
Maguire, Mary Gunning
see Colum, Mary
MAHAL, HAZRAT (Iftikarun-nisa; c. 1820-1879), Indian revolutionary 18 271-273
MAHAN, ALFRED THAYER (1840-1914), American naval historian and strategist 10 131-132
MAHARISHI MAHESH YOGI (c. 1911-2008), Indian guru and founder of the Transcendental Meditation movement 10 132-133
MAHATHIR MOHAMAD (born 1925), prime minister of Malaysia 10 134-135
MAHDI, THE (Mohammed Ahmed; c. 1844-1885), Islamic reformer and Sudanese military leader 10 137-138
MAHENDRA, KING (Bir Bikram Shah Dev; 1920-1972), ninth Shah dynasty ruler of Nepal (1955-1972) 10 138-139
MAHERERO, SAMUEL (c. 1854-1923), Supreme Chief of the Herero naion in southwest Africa 10 139-142
MAHFUZ, NAJIB (1912-2006), Egyptian novelist 10 142-144
MAHLER, GUSTAV (1860-1911), Bohemian-born composer and conductor 10 144-145
MAHMUD II (1785-1839), Ottoman sultan 1808-1839 10 145-147
MAHMUD OF GHAZNI (971-1030), Ghaznavid sultan in Afghanistan 10 147
MAHONE, WILLIAM (1826-1895), American politician and Confederate general 10 147-148
MAHONEY, MARY ELIZA (1845-1926), American nurse 31 222-223
Mail-order merchandising
Hubbard, Elbert 38 151-154
MAILER, NORMAN KINGSLEY (1923-2007), American author, producer, and director 10 148-150
MAILLOL, ARISTIDE (1861-1944), French sculptor 10 150-151
MAIMONIDES (1135-1204), Jewish philosopher 10 151-152
MAINE, SIR HENRY JAMES SUMNER (1822-1888), English legal historian and historical anthropologist 10 152
MAISONEUVE, SIEUR DE (Paul de Chomedey; 1612-1676), French explorer and colonizer in Canada 10 153
MAISTRE, JOSEPH DE (1753-1821), French political philosopher 10 153-154
MAITLAND, FREDERIC WILLIAM (1850-1906), English historian, lawyer, and legal scholar 10 154-155
MAJOR, JOHN (born 1943), British prime minister 10 155-157
MAKARIOS III (Michael Christodoulou Mouskos; 1913-1977), archbishop and ethnarch of the Orthodox Church of Cyprus and first president of the Republic of Cyprus (1959-1977) 10 157-158
MAKAVEJEV, DUSAN (born 1932), Yugoslav filmmaker 26 241-243
MAKEBA, MIRIAM (Zensi Miriam Makeba; 1932-2008), South African singer and activist 22 309-312
MAKEMIE, FRANCIS (1658-1708), Irishborn Presbyterian missionary 10 158-159
Makhpiyaluta
see Red Cloud
MAKI, FUMIHIKO (born 1928), Japanese architect 10 159-161
MAKIBI, KIBI-NO (693-775), Japanese courtier and statesman 10 161
MAKINO, SHOZO (1878-1929), Japanese director 32 225-227
MAKO (Makoto Iwamatsu; 1933-2006), Japanese-American actor and director 27 253-255
MÄKONNEN ENDALKAČÄW (1892-1963), Ethiopian writer and official 10 161-162
Malahayati
see Keumalahayati
MALA'IKA, NAZIK AL- (Nazek Sadiq al- Malaika; 1923-2007), Iraqi poet, literary critic, and proponent of women's rights 28 230-232
MALAMUD, BERNARD (1914-1986), American novelist and short-story writer 10 162-163
MALAN, DANIEL FRANCOIS (1874-1959), South African pastor, journalist, and prime minister 1948-1954 10 163-164
MALAYEV, ILYAS (1936-2008), Uzbek musician, singer, comedian, and poet 32 227-229
MALCOLM III (died 1093), king of Scotland 1058-1093 10 164-165
MALCOLM X (1925-1965), African American civil rights leader 10 165-166
MALEBRANCHE, NICOLAS (1638-1715), French philosopher and theologian 10 166-167
MALENKOV, GEORGY MAKSIMILIANOVICH (1902-1988), head of the Soviet government and leader of its Communist Party (1953) 10 168
MALEVICH, KASIMIR (1878-1935), Russian painter 10 168-169
MALHERBE, FRANÇOIS DE (1555-1628), French poet 10 169-170
MALINCHE, LA (1505-1551), Mexican translator 32 194-196
MALINOWSKI, KASPAR BRONISLAW (1884-1942), Austrian-born British social anthropologist 10 170-171
MALIPIERO, GIAN FRANCESCO (1882-1973), Italian composer 10 171
MALKAM KHAN, MIRZA (1831-1908), Persian diplomat 10 172
MALLARMÉ, STÉPHANE (1842-1898), French poet 10 172-173
MALLE, LOUIS (1932-1995), French film director and producer 18 273-275
MALLON, MARY (Typhoid Mary; 1869-1938), Irish woman who unwittingly infected many with typhoid fever 21 266-268
MALLORY, GEORGE (1886-1924), English mountain climber 21 268-271
MALLOY, JUDY (born 1942), American writer 37 231-233
MALONE, ANNIE TURNBO (Annie Minerva Turnbo Malone; 1869-1957), African American entrepreneur and philanthropist 23 242-243
MALONE, DUMAS (1892-1986), American historian and editor 10 174-175
MALORY, SIR THOMAS (flourished 15th century), English author 10 175-176
MALPIGHI, MARCELLO (1628-1694), Italian anatomist 10 176-178
MALRAUX, ANDRÉ (1901-1976), French novelist, essayist, and politician 10 178-180
MALTHUS, THOMAS ROBERT (1766-1834), English economist 10 180-181
MAMET, DAVID ALAN (born 1947), American author 10 181-182
MAMUN, ABDALLAH AL- (786-833), Abbasid caliph 10 183
Manassa Mauler
see Dempsey, Jack
MANASSEH BEN ISRAEL (1604-1657), Dutch rabbi and theologian 10 183-184
MANCINI, HENRY (Enrico Mancini; 1924-1994), American composer, pianist, and film music scorer 18 275-276
MANCO CAPAC (c. 1500-1545), Inca emperor 10 184-185
Mandate system
see League of Nations–mandates
MANDELA, NELSON ROLIHLAHLA (1918-2014), South African leader 10 185-186 Kathrada, Ahmed 38 175-177
MANDELA, WINNIE (Nomzamo Winifred Madikizela; born 1936), South African anti-apartheid leader 10 187-189
MANDELBROT, BENOIT B. (1924-2010), Polish-born French-American mathematician who invented fractals 10 189-191
MANDELSTAM, OSIP EMILYEVICH (1891-1938), Russian poet 10 191
MANDEVILLE, BERNARD (c. 1670-1733), English satirist and moral philosopher 10 192
MANDEVILLE, SIR JOHN (flourished 14th century), pen name of English author 10 192-193
MANET, ÉDOUARD (1832-1883), French painter 10 193-194
Manga (Japanese literature)
Mizuki, Shigeru 38 241-243
MANGAS COLORADAS (c. 1790-1863), Apache military leader 10 194-196
MANI (216-276/277), Persian prophet 10 196-197
MANIN, DANIELE (1804-1857), Venetian patriot 10 197-198
MANKIEWICZ, JOSEPH L. (1909-1993), American film director 29 261-263
MANKILLER, WILMA (1945-2010), Native American activist and Cherokee chief 10 198-199
MANLEY, EFFA (1900-1981), American sports team owner and civil rights activist 32 229-231
MANLEY, MICHAEL NORMAN (1924-1997), Jamaican prime minister (1972-1980) 10 200-201
MANLEY, NORMAN (Norman Washington Manley; 1893-1969), Jamaican politician 37 233-235
MANN, HEINRICH (1871-1950), German novelist, essayist, and social critic 10 201-202
MANN, HORACE (1796-1859), American educational reformer and humanitarian 10 202-204
Walpole, Horace 38 354-356
MANN, THOMAS (1875-1955), German novelist and essayist 10 204-207
MANNERHEIM, BARON CARL GUSTAV EMIL VON (1867-1951), Finnish military leader and statesman, president 1944-46 10 207-208
MANNHEIM, KARL (1893-1947), Hungarian-born sociologist and educator 10 208-209
MANNING, HENRY EDWARD (1808-1892), English cardinal 10 209-210
MANNIX, DANIEL (1864-1963), Irish-born Australian archbishop 10 210
Manoel
see Manuel
MANRIQUE, JORGE (c. 1440-1478), Spanish poet and soldier 10 210-211
MANSART, FRANÇOIS (1598-1666), French architect 10 211
MANSART, JULES HARDOUIN (1646-1708), French architect 10 212
MANSFIELD, KATHERINE (born Kathleen Mansfield Beauchamp; 1888-1923), New Zealander short-story writer and poet 10 213-214
MANSFIELD, PETER (born 1933), British physicist 34 249-252
Mansfield Park (novel)
Repton, Humphry 38 305-307
MANSUR, ABU JAFAR IBN MUHAMMAD AL (712-775), Abbasid caliph 10 214-215
Mansur, Abu Yusuf Yakub al
see Yakub Al-Mansur, Abu Yusuf
MANTEGAZZA, PAOLO (1831-1910), Italian anthropologist, pathologist, and author 38 230-233
MANTEGNA, ANDREA (c. 1430-1506), Italian painter and engraver 10 215-216
MANTEO (flourished 1580), Algonquian chieftain 32 231-232
MANTLE, MICKEY (1931-1995), American baseball player 10 216-218
MANUEL I (1469-1521), king of Portugal 1495-1521 10 219-220
MANUEL I COMNENUS (c. 1123-1180), Byzantine emperor 1143-1180 10 218-219
MANUEL II PALAIOLOGOS (1350-1425), Byzantine emperor 35 256-258
MANUELITO (1818-1894), Navajo tribal leader 10 220-222
Manufacturers
see Business and industrial leaders
MANZONI, ALESSANDRO (1785-1873), Italian novelist and playwright 10 222-224
MANZÙ, GIACOMO (1908-1991), Italian sculptor 10 224-225
MAO ZEDONG (1893-1976), Chinese statesman 10 225-227
MAPPLETHORPE, ROBERT (1946-1989), controversial American photographer 10 227-228
MARADONA, DIEGO (born 1961), Argentine soccer player 20 239-241
MARAGHI, AL-MUSTAFĀ (1881-1945), Egyptian jurist and educator 10 228-229
Marah
see Jackson, Helen Hunt
MARAT, JEAN PAUL (1743-1793), French journalist and political leader 10 230-231
MARBLE, ALICE (1913-1990), American tennis player 21 271-273
Marbury, Anne
see Hutchinson, Anne Marbury
MARC, FRANZ (1880-1916), German painter 10 231
MARCEAU, MARCEL (1923-2007), world's greatest practitioner of pantomine 10 231-233
MARCEL, GABRIEL (1889-1973), French philosopher 10 233-234
MARCHAND, JEAN-BAPTISTE (1863-1934), French explorer and soldier 10 234-237
MARCHIONNE, SERGIO (born 1952), Italian-Canadian auto executive 32 232-234